Techniques in the disclosure use non-wetting or wetting surfaces to promote or hinder separation of gas from solution in a liquid. The systems and processes promote bubble nucleation and/or promote separation of a gas or gases from a liquid using non-wetting surfaces. Also, the systems and processes suppress bubble nucleation in order to create supersaturated solutions of gas or gases in a liquid by using wetting surfaces.

The present invention relates to a process for removing carbon dioxide from synthesis gas using a hygroscopic, physical absorption medium. The process includes cooling the absorption medium and the synthesis gas; water is at least partially removed from the synthesis gas by condensation; carbon dioxide is removed from the cooled synthesis gas via the cooled absorption medium in a physical absorption step at elevated pressure; laden absorption medium is treated in a plurality of serially arranged flash stages, wherein co-absorbed carbon monoxide and hydrogen are removed from the laden absorption medium in at least one first flash stage, and carbon dioxide is removed from the laden absorption medium in a flash stage arranged downstream of the first flash stage. The process features a high rate of separated carbon dioxide and a pure and dry (anhydrous) carbon dioxide product. The invention further relates to a plant for performing the process.

Systems and methods for crude oil separations including degassing, dewatering, desalting, and stabilization. One method includes separating crude oil into a crude oil off-gas and a partially degassed crude oil output; compressing the crude oil off-gas; applying the compressed crude oil off-gas for indirect heating through reboilers of the partially degassed crude oil output; and directly mixing with the crude oil a compressed atmospheric pressure gas. In some embodiments, multiple reboilers are used. In some embodiments, heat exchangers are used. Aftercoolers are used after the compressor to cool the gas; knockout drums are used after the coolers to separate liquids.

A degassing chamber for an ozone solution system includes a cylindrical housing defining a cavity. A mixture of water and ozone gas is delivered to the cavity, the mixture containing excess ozone gas. A cylindrical float is positioned centrally within the cavity to rise in accordance with the mixture column within the cavity. A piston is connected to move in accordance with the float. When the mixture level rises above a threshold, the piston the piston moves upward and seals an ozone outlet. As a pressure of ozone gas in the degassing chamber increases, the float is forced downward causing the piston to open a channel to an upper ozone outlet through which excess ozone gas is released. After removal of excess ozone gas, a mixture of water and ozone gas is output from the degassing chamber which is suitable for use as a general purpose cleaner.

An industrial wastewater and hydrocarbon treatment system including of a plurality of reactors and treatment modules that allows the application of principles of chemistry and quantum physics, dissociating electrons from the atoms or chemical elements contained in the hydrocarbon contaminated water. This invention advantageously allows the separation of water and oil in an efficient way, through the use of electromagnetic pulses with low amperage, and a series of filters.

Methods and materials for the selective capture and storage of preselected materials from gas streams using metal organic framework (MOF) materials are described. In various embodiments preselected target material gases could include noble gasses such as Kr, Xe, Rn, Arultramicro to mesopore frameworks for selective separation and storage of noble gases, other gasses such as I.sub.2 or other particular isotopes either naturally occurring or man-made, or another preselected gas capture material such as a target material for legal, regulatory or treaty compliance, or a preselected material from a particular process such as a cleaning or etching agent from semiconducting or microelectronic manufacture, or a portion of an anesthetic gas such as nitrous oxide, isoflurane, sevoflurane or a fluorinated ethers.

A fuel oxygen conversion unit includes a contactor; a fuel gas separator, the fuel oxygen conversion unit defining a circulation gas flowpath from the fuel gas separator to the contactor; and an isolation valve in airflow communication with the circulation gas flowpath for modulating a gas flow through the circulation gas flowpath to the contactor.

A system for generating potable water from source water contains an enclosed vessel, a heating unit, an air distributor, a condenser, and a collection vessel. A method for generating potable water from source water includes heating ambient air, bubbling heated air through source water producing saturated air, cooling the saturated air producing potable water, and collecting the potable water. A method of removing contaminants from ambient air includes heating ambient air, bubbling the heated air through source water to produce treated air and contaminant rich water, discharging the treated air, and discharging the contaminant rich water.

A system that includes a feedstock of a non-petroleum or renewable feedstock containing oxygen and contaminants of one or more of metals, gums, and resins that is introduced into the reactor at a flow velocity of from 20 ft/sec to 100 ft/sec. The feedstock is heated within the reactor to a temperature of from 700° F. to 1100° F. to remove and/or reduce the content of one or more of gums and resins in the fats and/or oils of the feedstock. The system further includes a reactor product that is formed in the reactor from the feedstock that has the one or more of gums and resins in the fats and/or oils of the feedstock removed and/or reduced and a heat exchanger to cool the reactor product. A separator unit separates and removes non-condensable gases, metals and water from the cooled reactor product. A final product of the system is separated from the non-condensable gases, metals and water from the cooled reactor product. The final product has an oxygen content that is 60% or less of that of the feedstock, and wherein the final product comprises 25 wt % or less of any triglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids, phosphatides, sterols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and fatty alcohols, from 5 wt % to 30 wt % naphtha, and 50 wt % or more diesel.

A lubricating oil composition including: a lubricating base oil; (A) a first defoaming agent, the first defoaming agent being (A1) a first polymer, or (A2) a second polymer, or any combination thereof; and (B) a second defoaming agent, the second defoaming agent being a silicone defoaming agent, the (A1) first polymer including: a first polymer chain including a polysiloxane structure, the polysiloxane structure having a polymerization degree of 5 to 2000 and being represented by the following general formula (1); and a second polymer chain bonded with the first polymer chain, the second polymer chain including a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (2), the (A2) second polymer being a copolymer of a first monomer component and a second monomer component, the first monomer component represented by the general formula (7) or (8), the second monomer component represented by the general formula (9). ##STR00001##