Exemplary embodiments are directed to a gas liquid separator that includes a chamber, a fluid mixture inlet, a solvent outlet and a gas outlet. The gas liquid separator can include a phase-change inducing mechanism disposed in or proximate to the fluid mixture inlet. Exemplary methods of improving separation of a fluid mixture in a gas liquid separator and CO.sub.2-based chromatography flow systems including a gas liquid separator are also provided.

An apparatus and method for removing particulates from a multiple-phase fluid stream is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a treatment chamber having a fluid inlet for receiving the multiple-phase fluid stream. The apparatus also comprises a recovery chamber having a gas channel and a liquid channel in fluid communication with the treatment chamber at a gas and a liquid port, respectively. The gas and liquid channels converge at an intake port of a fluid outlet for discharging particulate-removed gas and liquid.

The group of inventions refers to heat exchange machinery. The device includes a tank with an outlet fitting and a steam source, a deaerator column with a cover and water inlet and vapor blowdown fittings located on the same, containing lower and upper deaeration sections. Each section includes pressure and distribution trays forming a jet chamber in the space between them, and random element packing. Deaeration sections are separated by a hydraulic seal formed by the edge of the upper section pressure tray and the projection connected to the deaerator column cover. The water inlet and vapor blowdown fittings are located inside the hydraulic seal projection with openings in it. The lower edges of the openings are located higher than the upper edge of the hydraulic seal by a value exceeding the sum of overflow height of the coolant over the edge and hydraulic resistance of the hydraulic seal channel. The total cross section of the openings is determined by equality of steam pressure in the blowdown fitting and in the space inside the hydraulic seal projection. This increases the operation reliability.

An immersion lithographic apparatus is described in which a two-phase flow is separated into liquid-rich and gas-rich flows by causing the liquid-rich flow to preferentially flow along a surface.

The invention relates to a multi-phase distribution system, a sub sea heat exchanger provided with such a multi-phase distribution system, the use of such a multi-phase distribution system and a method of temperature control for hydrocarbons. The invention provides an improved control over multi-phase mixtures comprising hydrocarbons and improvements in the controlling of heat exchanging processes.

A cyclone type liquid-vapor separator includes a chamber including: an internal space wherein the treatment liquid introduced into the internal space is depressurized and evaporated; a vapor outlet formed on a top of the chamber and through which vapors generated through the evaporation is discharged; and a concentrated liquid outlet formed on a bottom of the chamber and through which the concentrated treatment liquid is discharged; an inlet part coupled to a side surface of the chamber in a tangent line direction of an inner peripheral surface of the chamber, the treatment liquid introduced into the chamber is turned in the form of vortexes along the inner peripheral surface of the chamber; and at least one partition wall disposed in an area between the inlet part and the vapor outlet of the internal space of the chamber and protruding from the inner peripheral wall of the chamber to prevent mist contained in the vapors from moving upwardly.

An immersion lithographic apparatus is described in which a two-phase flow is separated into liquid-rich and gas-rich flows by causing the liquid-rich flow to preferentially flow along a surface.

The invention relates to a gas desorption unit and a process for desorbing gas absorbed in an absorption liquid, and a gas separation process. A gas desorption unit, comprising an assembly of plates, wherein plates comprise a corrugated part comprising ridges and valleys, and a first channel there between, adapted for counter-current flow of said gaseous and liquid stream in said first channel, and a said second channel for a liquid stream in counter-current flow with the liquid stream in the first channel, wherein a first channel comprises a corrugated part of a first plate comprising ridges crossing with ridges of the corrugated part of a second plate, and wherein a second channel comprises ridges of a corrugated part of a second plate comprising ridges aligned with valleys of a corrugated part of a third plate.

A bottom chamber of a stripper (or bottom liquid holder) including a vortex breaker, a blocking plate and a guiding plate. A stripper, a urea HP stripper, a urea plant, a method for operating a stripper and a method for producing a solid, particulate urea-based composition.

A liquid degasser comprises a tank, the tank having one or more baffle(s) within the body of the tank, with at least one baffle defining a first and second region. The first region houses relatively turbulent conditions compared to the second region. There is a both a gas transfer gap and a liquid transfer gap, allowing the transmission of fluid from the first to second regions. An inlet introduced the mixture to be degassed to an antechamber, with the fluid travelling onwards to the first region, and then through the gas and liquid transfer gaps to the second region. A first outlet allows for the degassed liquid to leave the tank, and a second outlet allows for the purged gas mixture to also leave the tank. Sensors and complementary control units allow for better operation of the unit.