A modular water filtration system including a filter manifold and a filter cartridge is provided. The filter manifold includes a body, a first arm member, a second arm member, a brace, and a slot positioned on the brace. The filter cartridge includes a cartridge head and a fin member protruding upwardly from the cartridge head, and the fin member is sized to be received within the slot of the filter manifold. The filter cartridge is adapted to engage the filter manifold through a horizontal force when the fin member is aligned with the slot.

A modular water filtration system including a filter manifold and a filter cartridge is provided. The filter manifold includes a body, a first arm member, a second arm member, a brace, and a slot positioned on the brace. The filter cartridge includes a cartridge head and a fin member protruding upwardly from the cartridge head, and the fin member is sized to be received within the slot of the filter manifold. The filter cartridge is adapted to engage the filter manifold through a horizontal force when the fin member is aligned with the slot.

Compound air filters and methods thereof are provided for sequestering airborne contaminants including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air streamed through the air filters. An air filter can include a support frame having a shape and size suitable for seating the air filter within an air-filtering system. A compound filter medium can be retained within the support frame to remove the airborne contaminants and VOCs from air flowing through the air filter and the air-filtering system containing one or more of the air filters. A first media layer of the compound filter medium can be pleated with pleats and configured to exhibit a relatively high filtration efficiency and a low air pressure drop across the filter medium. A second media layer of the filter medium can be coupled to the first media layer and configured to maintain a uniform distribution of the pleats with the first media layer.

Compound air filters and methods thereof are provided for sequestering airborne contaminants including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air streamed through the air filters. An air filter can include a support frame having a shape and size suitable for seating the air filter within an air-filtering system. A compound filter medium can be retained within the support frame to remove the airborne contaminants and VOCs from air flowing through the air filter and the air-filtering system containing one or more of the air filters. A first media layer of the compound filter medium can be pleated with pleats and configured to exhibit a relatively high filtration efficiency and a low air pressure drop across the filter medium. A second media layer of the filter medium can be coupled to the first media layer and configured to maintain a uniform distribution of the pleats with the first media layer.

A method for treating water in a spa or a hot tub includes, for example, suspending a water treatment dispenser from an upper end of a filter cartridge disposed in a skimmer of the spa or the hot tub. The dispenser includes a water treatment material. A supply of water is passed from the spa or the hot tub into the skimmer and through the filter cartridge so that the dispenser suspended in the filtered water in the filter cartridge is operable to dispense the water treatment material from the dispenser, and a supply of treated filtered water from the filter cartridge is returned to the spa or the hot tub. A cover, for example, may be employed when the dispenser is not used.

A method for treating water in a spa or a hot tub includes, for example, suspending a water treatment dispenser from an upper end of a filter cartridge disposed in a skimmer of the spa or the hot tub. The dispenser includes a water treatment material. A supply of water is passed from the spa or the hot tub into the skimmer and through the filter cartridge so that the dispenser suspended in the filtered water in the filter cartridge is operable to dispense the water treatment material from the dispenser, and a supply of treated filtered water from the filter cartridge is returned to the spa or the hot tub. A cover, for example, may be employed when the dispenser is not used.

A center tube for use with a filter element comprises a unitary body having a standpipe that defines a length along the longitudinal axis and a central flow passage and a plurality of radially extending flow fins attached to the standpipe, the flow fins spaced axially from one another along the standpipe to define radial flow channels, wherein each of the fins further defines a first aperture between the fin and the standpipe, the apertures together defining a first outer axial flow passage and the standpipe defines a a rectangular shape.

A fuel module for pumping and filtration of a fuel in a fuel system includes a flow housing, and each of an electrically powered pump, a first cartridge filter, and a second cartridge filter in sealed, direct engagement with the flow housing. The fuel module is applied in a low pressure fuel circuit feeding fuel to a high pressure fuel circuit for pressurization to an injection pressure. Electronic closed loop control techniques for the pump are also disclosed.

A fuel module for pumping and filtration of a fuel in a fuel system includes a flow housing, and each of an electrically powered pump, a first cartridge filter, and a second cartridge filter in sealed, direct engagement with the flow housing. The fuel module is applied in a low pressure fuel circuit feeding fuel to a high pressure fuel circuit for pressurization to an injection pressure. Electronic closed loop control techniques for the pump are also disclosed.

An installation structure of an external filter case for a refrigerator is provided. The filter case may include a main body that provides an inner space in which an internal line may be installed and water filters may be installed, and a cover that covers the inner space of the main body and is detachably coupled with the main body. The main body may have an open front side and may include bosses that protrude from its bottom face. The cover may include insertion holes into which the bosses may be inserted. A lower portion of the main body may be coupled with a lower portion of the cover. Magnets may be installed in upper portions of the main body and the cover, respectively, such that the main body and the cover may be coupled with each other by a magnetic force.