A heating device for an exhaust system has an electrically conductive foamed part and at least one stabilization part for the foamed part. The foamed part includes two end faces, an outer circumference and at least one recess starting from the outer circumference and extending in the axial direction from one to the other end face. The recesses produce sections which are opposite each other at a distance and continue into each other, forming a current path as a resistance heating element. The stabilization part at least partially fills the recess and mechanically couples the sections to each other, but does not electrically couple them to each other.

An air cleaner may include a housing including a first housing having a discharge outlet through which air is discharged outside of the air cleaner, and a second housing including a suction inlet through which air is suctioned from outside of the air cleaner, and a filter assembly accommodated inside of the housing and that filters air. The first housing and the second housing may be spaced apart from each other, and the filter assembly may be replaceable through a space between the first housing and the second housing.

A method of controlling an exhaust system for a diesel engine comprises providing an aftertreatment system comprising a first catalyst and a diesel exhaust fluid injection system, determining a preliminary dose of a diesel exhaust fluid of the diesel exhaust fluid injection system based on an incoming exhaust gas flow and an exhaust gas temperature, determining an NH.sub.3 factor based on incoming exhaust gas oxygen concentration and the incoming exhaust gas flow temperature, and determining a final dose of diesel exhaust fluid by multiplying the preliminary dose of diesel exhaust fluid by the NH.sub.3 factor.

The invention relates to a particulate filter which comprises a wall flow filter of length L and two different catalytically active coatings Y and Z, wherein the wall flow filter comprises channels E and A that extend in parallel between a first and a second end of the wall flow filter and are separated by porous walls which form surfaces OE and OA, respectively, and the channels E are closed at the second end and the channels A are closed at the first end. The invention is characterised in that the coating Y is located in the channels E on the surfaces OE and the coating Z is located in the channels A on the surfaces OA.

The present invention provides an exhaust purification filter with which pressure loss can be reduced, the filter having high exhaust purification performance and granular-substance-filtering performance. The exhaust purification filter comprises a filter base material having a wall flow structure, and an exhaust purification catalyst supported on a dividing wall of the filter base material, the exhaust purification filter being such that: a median pore diameter (D50) of the filter base material according to a volumetric basis is 15 μm or greater; and the exhaust purification catalyst is unevenly supported on a high-density layer, in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively high, and a low-density layer, in which the density of the exhaust purification catalyst is relatively low.

Systems and methods are described for performing a diagnostic on an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. A gas entry parameter into a portion of an exhaust system of an engine is determined. In response to determining that the gas entry parameter is less than the predetermined threshold, a level of NH3 in the exhaust gas is determined. In response to determining that the level of NH3 is above a threshold value, degradation of a particulate filter of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is indicated.

A nanobiocatalytic membrane for a filtration system is provided which includes a filtration membrane and a plurality of nanobiocatalyst nanoparticles associated with the membrane, each of the nanobiocatalyst nanoparticles including a core, a coating at least partially surrounding the core, and a plurality of nanobiocatalysts coupled to the coating. Each of the plurality of nanobiocatalysts includes an antibacterial nanoparticle comprising bismuth, and a quorum quenching agent coupled to the antibacterial nanoparticle. A nanobiocatalyst nanoparticle for use with a water purification system is also provided. A method of forming a nanobiocatalytic membrane for a filtration system and a method of using a nanobiocatalytic membrane in a filtration system are also provided.

An apparatus and method are provided for purifying air for breathing. The apparatus includes an armrest having a receiver and an air purification module releasably received in the receiver. The air purification module is portable and displaceable between a first operating position held in the receiver and a second operating position remote from the armrest and the vehicle.

Ionization systems and methods include moving air into contact with one or more ion generators and then past an ozone removal assembly to remove at least some ozone from the air. The air may be moved by a fan and may be filtered before contacting the one or more ion generators. The amount of one or more of the following of the air may be measured: the amount of ions, particulates, temperature, humidity, and other relevant factors. The ionization amount may be adjusted based on one or more of the measured amounts. The one or more ion generators and ozone removal assembly may be constructed as part of a single unit so they can be removed and replaced easily.

The invention relates to a device for measuring, in near-real-time, the level of black carbon, brown carbon, organic carbon, total carbon and CO.sub.2 in air. The device also provides for a direct calculation of aerosol angstrom coefficient as well as estimation of emissions rates of black carbon or brown carbon from nearby combustion sources.