A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter and using reverse osmosis.

A high salinity feed water such as seawater is treated to produce a reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate and an RO permeate. Optionally, some or all of the RO concentrate may be filtered to produce a nanofiltration (NF) permeate. Optionally, some feed water can also be filtered to produce NF permeate without first being concentrated by RO treatment. The NF permeate, or a blend of the RO permeate and NF permeate, may be used to produce a product water for injection into an oil-bearing reservoir to enhance oil recovery. Optionally, the product water may have salinity greater than the feedwater, or at least 30 g/L. The product water may have hardness of less than 20 mg/L.

A process for the purification of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution includes the following steps: (a) the treatment of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with at least one first reverse osmosis system, (b) the treatment of the obtained hydrogen peroxide solution with at least one first stabilizer, (c) the treatment of the obtained hydrogen peroxide solution with at least one purification mean selected from adsorption resins, ion exchange resins, and combinations thereof.

An aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution obtainable thereby is described. The use of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in the manufacture of microelectronic components and semiconductors is also described.

The present invention relates to an organic solvent-soluble copolymerized polyester, a composition for forming an ultrafiltration membrane including the same, and a high water-permeability reverse osmosis membrane prepared therefrom. More specifically, the present invention relates to a polyester that has a high solubility in organic solvents at room temperature and thus can be used to produce ultrafiltration membranes at low cost, a composition for forming an ultrafiltration membrane including the same, and a high water-permeability reverse osmosis membrane prepared therefrom, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane has a reduced production cost and high water permeability.

A plant oil extraction device includes one or modules for extraction of a product, e.g., oil, from a plant biomass. Various embodiments of the plant oil extraction device are described that include one or more features for producing a clean organic stream, free from waxes and terpenes, from biomass feedstocks such as industrial hemp. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also described.

A biological treatment apparatus comprising: (a) a vessel; (b) an inlet conduit for providing feed water to an inlet region; (c) an outlet conduit for removal of treated water from an outlet region; (d) an inlet distributor comprising inlet ducts, each in fluid communication with both the inlet region and a porous surface section of the inlet duct wall; (e) an outlet distributor comprising a plurality of outlet ducts, each in fluid communication with both the outlet region and a porous surface section of the outlet duct wall; and (f) a media bed comprising particles in fluid communication with porous surface sections of both the inlet and outlet duct walls; wherein a ratio of the length of an inlet duct to a minimum distance between an inlet duct and an outlet duct is from 15:1 to 2:1.

A reverse osmosis filter ram apparatus comprises a base rack having a controllable linear actuator thereon, preferably a hydraulic ram apparatus. The ram apparatus comprises detachable and changeable connection brackets configured to alternately connect to steel reverse osmosis tubes and fiberglass reverse osmosis tubes. The linear actuator comprises a plunger head that is configured to push one or more spools within a reverse osmosis tube for moving tubular reverse osmosis filters therein, either for adding the same from the reverse osmosis tube or removal of the same from the reverse osmosis tube. Systems and methods of using the same are further provided.

Novel membranes suitable for use in separation applications are described, as well as processes by which the membranes are made and uses of the membranes in a range of separation applications. The membranes are obtainable by an interfacial polymerisation reaction involving two monomers, in which at least one of the monomers comprises oligomeric portions that are suitable for tuning the separation characteristics of the membrane, particularly in liquid separations, such as organic solvent nanofiltration.

Disclosed are a wet non-woven fabric, the use of the wet non-woven fabric as a supporting layer of a water treatment membrane, a method for preparing the wet non-woven fabric, and a water treatment membrane containing the wet non-woven fabric. The wet non-woven fabric has an average pore size of no greater than 20 .Math.m, a maximum pore size of no greater than 40 .Math.m, and a maximum pore size/average pore size ratio of no less than 1 and no greater than 12.

The present invention relates to a formate production method including: a first step of producing a formate by causing a reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen in a solution containing a solvent, a catalyst dissolved in the solvent, and a metal salt or an organic salt; and a second step of separating, by a separation membrane, the catalyst from a reaction solution obtained in the first step, in which the catalyst contains at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to Group 8, Group 9, and Group 10 of a periodic table.