A filtering time control method includes testing water quality to obtain a water quality status value, determining whether a current filtration meets requirements. Based on whether the current filtration meets the requirements, setting a duration of the next filtering based on the current filtration duration. Adaptive adjustment of the duration of filtration may ensure a filtering effect while saving water resources.

A process for preparing a base oil fraction having a reduced cloud point from a hydrocarbon feed which is derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process is provided. The process comprises: subjecting a hydrocarbon feed which is derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process to a catalytic dewaxing treatment to obtain an at least partially isomerised product; separating at least part of the at least partially isomerised product into one or more light hydrocarbon fractions and one or more heavy base oil fractions; separating at least one of the heavy base oil fractions by means of a first membrane into a first permeate and a first retentate; separating at least part of the first permeate by means of a second membrane into a second permeate and a second retentate; and recovering the second permeate.

The present invention relates to a composite semipermeable membrane including a supporting membrane and a separation functional layer disposed on the supporting membrane, in which the separation functional layer comprises an aromatic polyamide, the aromatic polyamide has side chains and terminal groups, at least one of the side chains and terminal groups of the aromatic polyamide being an amino group, at least one of the side chains and terminal groups of the aromatic polyamide is a substituent having a structure represented by formula (1): —NXY or formula (2): —NXYZ, and in the aromatic polyamide, a content A of substituents having structures represented by formula (1) and formula (2) and a content B of amide groups satisfy 0.005≦A/B≦0.15.

Disclosed is a water treatment apparatus which can extract clean water by means of the pressure of raw water. The disclosed water treatment apparatus comprises: a filter part which filters raw water; a storage part which stores clean water filtered by passing through at least a part of the filter part, the storage part having a first chamber and a second chamber of which the volume changes according to a change in the volume of the first chamber; an extraction part which is installed so as to provide the filtered clean water to a user; and an air supply part which is installed on a flow path connected to the storage part in order to supply air to either one of the first chamber or the second chamber of the storage part.

The invention relates to a process for manufacturing wet strength resins, which process comprises a polyamide reactor (11) for amidation, an EHH reactor (12) for epihalohydrin addition, a maturing tank (15) for maturing, a ring-closure and cross-linking reactor (16) for polymerization, and in the process a reaction mixture containing at least EHH and at least polyaminoamide epihalohydrin adduct is manufactured. The process further comprises between the maturing tank (15) and the ring-closure and cross-linking reactor (16) a membrane unit (20) comprising a membrane by dividing the reaction mixture stream from the membrane unit (20) into two streams: a permeate stream (202) comprising un-reacted epi-halohydrin and a reject stream (201) comprising EHH/PAIM adduct guided to the ring-closure and cross-linking reactor (16).

The present invention relates to a method for recovering a rare metal salt, the method including: an acid treatment step of obtaining a rare metal-containing acidic aqueous solution by bringing a material including a monovalent rare metal and a polyvalent rare metal into contact with an acidic aqueous solution; a separation step of obtaining permeated water including the monovalent rare metal and non-permeated water including the polyvalent rare metal from the rare metal-containing acidic aqueous solution by using a nanofiltration membrane satisfying the condition (1); and a concentration step of obtaining non-permeated water having a higher concentration of the monovalent rare metal and permeated water having a lower concentration of the monovalent rare metal than that of the permeated water in the separation step, by using a reverse osmosis membrane.

An on-board fuel separation system includes a supply fuel tank configured to store an input fuel stream; a fuel separator fluidly coupled to the supply fuel tank and configured to separate the input fuel stream into a first fractional fuel stream and a second fractional fuel stream. The fuel separator includes a membrane that includes a plurality of pores sized based on a molecular size of one or more components of the first fractional fuel stream. The system includes a first fractional fuel tank fluidly coupled to the fuel separator to receive the first fractional fuel stream passed through the membrane and defined by a first auto-ignition characteristic value. The system includes a second fractional fuel stream coupled to the fuel separator to receive the second fractional fuel stream from the fuel separator that is defined by a second auto-ignition characteristic value that is different than the first auto-ignition characteristic value.

A method includes supplying a supersaturated brine stream having a plurality of minerals and anti-scalant from a water treatment system to a gypsum removal system disposed within a mineral removal system. The gypsum removal system includes a gypsum reactor that may receive the supersaturated brine, may deactivate the anti-scalant such that gypsum precipitates from the supersaturated brine, and may generate a gypsum slurry having a mixture of desupersaturated brine, precipitated gypsum, and the anti-scalant in solution with the desupersaturated brine. The method also includes supplying gypsum seed crystals to the gypsum reactor. The gypsum seed crystals may precipitate the gypsum from the supersaturated brine to generate the gypsum slurry. The method also includes directing a first portion of the gypsum slurry from the gypsum reactor to a gypsum settler. The gypsum settler may reactivate the anti-scalant such that the anti-scalant absorbs onto the precipitated gypsum to remove the anti-scalant from the desupersaturated brine and may generate anti-scalant-gypsum crystals and a desupersaturated overflow having at least a portion of the plurality of minerals. The method further includes generating the gypsum seed crystals supplied to the gypsum reactor using the anti-scalant-gypsum crystals.

An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO.sub.2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then tested and processed (e.g., mixed/diluted with processed feedstock solution, seawater or another saltwater solution and/or reacted with CO.sub.2) to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life. Modified BPED systems include features that facilitate autonomous system operations including enhanced maintenance cycle operations and a reduced reliance on external fresh water sources.

The present application relates to the technical field of further processing of dairy products, and in particular to a preparation method of milk oligosaccharides, and milk oligosaccharide powder and food prepared thereby. The preparation method comprises the steps of: performing ultrafiltration of whey liquid for at least three times, subjecting the ultrafiltration permeate to nanofiltration concentration for several times, then subjecting the nanofiltration retentate to chromatographic separation and purification, collecting chromatographic collection liquid containing sialyllactose while removing the fraction containing lactose, subjecting the collection to desalination and drying to obtain oligosaccharide powder. The milk oligosaccharides prepared by the present method and the food product containing the same comprise basically bovine milk oligosaccharides, which are light yellow or white in color, light in flavor, uniform in size, and have good thermal stability and solubility. The milk oligosaccharides mainly comprise 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose.