Provided is a water-purification cartridge to be replaceably accommodated in an accommodating portion of a water purifier. The cartridge includes activated carbon that removes impurities from water, forms, within the water purifier, a raw water flow path through which raw water flows downstream without passing through the activated carbon and a water purification flow path through which raw water flows downstream while passing through the activated carbon, and further includes a buffer portion that is disposed, within the water purifier, at a position upstream of flow path switching valves for selecting discharge from the raw water flow path or discharge from the water purification flow path and downstream of the activated carbon and that cuts off a water hammer propagating from the flow path switching valves to the activated carbon.

The instant invention, in one aspect, provides a process for decontaminating water to remove contaminants, said process comprising passing contaminated water through a filter comprising a plurality of filtering elements capable of lowering the contaminants by at least 70%. In another aspect is provides a filtering unit comprising a plurality of filtering elements arranged in individual layers, said individual layers independently selected from brick chips, hemp fibers, mixture of hemp fibers and charcoal, agave, jute fibers, sand, filter paper, and gravel.

A system for filtering water is described herein, the system comprising a granular filter media having an effective size of 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm. In some embodiments, a granular filter media described herein comprises a ceramic, a sand, a glass, a zeolite, a garnet, an anthracite coal, an activated carbon, an ilmentite, or any combination thereof. In some instances, a layer of granular filter media described herein has a flow rate from 2 to 12 gpm/ft.sup.2, and is capable of filtering out materials having an average size in three dimensions of 1 μm or larger without requiring any type of coagulation to alter the surface properties of the particles.

The present invention discloses a xylose hydrolysate decolorization and filtration device. A hydrolysate is filtered through a to-be-cleaned filtering machine to form a waste carbon liquid with a light transmittance of 7% to 10%, the waste carbon liquid is subjected to pressure filtration through a filter press to form a plate and frame liquid, the plate and frame liquid is filtered through a to-be-passed-through filtering machine to form a pre-decolorized liquid with a light transmittance of 30% to 35%, the pre-decolorized liquid enters a decolorization tank and is mixed with added new carbon in the decolorization tank to form a new carbon liquid, and the new carbon liquid is filtered through a standby filtering machine to form a decolorized liquid with a light transmittance of greater than 65%. The present invention further discloses a xylose hydrolysate decolorization and filtration method using the device. According to the present invention, the pollution of carbon powder to the surrounding environment is effectively reduced, the xylose hydrolysate is effectively decolorized and filtered, the device is designed in a compact way and takes up less space, and the entire decolorization and filtration process is carried out in a sealed environment, which reduces the pollution to the surrounding environment.

A multi-stage process to remove contaminant gases from raw methane streams is provided. The present technology is an innovative solution to recover and purify biogas by use of a process having at least two pressure swing adsorption stages. Taking advantage of the presence of carbon dioxide in the raw biogas streams, nitrogen and oxygen are bulky removed in the first stage, using selective adsorbents, and a nitrogen and oxygen-depleted intermediate stream is yielded to the second stage. The second stage employs an adsorbent or adsorbents to selectively remove carbon dioxide and trace amounts of remaining nitrogen and oxygen, thus producing a purer methane stream that meets pipeline and natural gas specifications

Devices and methods associated therewith for facilitating movement, removal and/or installation of components from treatment units (e.g., water treatment units and wastewater treatment units). The treatment unit can take the form of a granular media filter (e.g., upflow filter, downflow filter or bi-flow filter) or a sludge collection basin. One preferred device is one or more floats facilitating safe removal of components of a treatment unit. The float(s) can be operably associated with an air scour system of a water filter to remove the air scour system from a granular media filter bed. The float(s) can be operably associated with a collection grid of a sludge collection container facilitating safe removal of the collection grid from the sludge collection container. Another preferred device is a flexible piping/conduit operably connected to a pressurized air source and an air scour system to assist in removal/installation of the air scour system.

A potable water filter for an aircraft galley plumbing system is disclosed. In embodiments, the filter includes a body attachable to a mount via a central threaded attachment stud. The stud is surrounded by a filter mount chamber and encloses a central flow channel allowing outflow from the filter body to an outlet port. Potable water enters the mount through an inlet port including a barrel valve that opens to allow water flow when the filter body is screwed onto the stud, and seals off the filter mount chamber when the filter body is absent. The outlet port includes a check valve to prevent backflow into the filter. The filter body houses a solid block of sintered carbon with a hollow core. Water enters the filter chamber and flows around and through the carbon filter before flowing down to the outlet port. The filter body self-vents at its top.

A novel fluid filter includes a partially permeable elastic bag encapsulating a filtration medium, and providing pressure to prevent channeling. A receiver with one or more apertures fits at least partially within the filtration bag to receive treated fluid. A cover may be placed over a tube of the receiver to prevent filtration medium from exiting systems An upper portion of the filtration bag is impermeable, while the lower portion of the bag is permeable. The fluid path flows over the top and up through the lower section and through a major path through the filtration medium.

A material, and filters and other structures exposed to flowing gas that have the material therein, which removes VOCs, such as formaldehyde, from the gas. The material is a porous sorbent impregnated by a metal oxide, such as manganese oxide (MnOx) nano particles. The sorbent may be activated carbon, and the manganese oxide may catalyze formaldehyde to water and carbon dioxide while the carbon may adsorb formaldehyde, both mechanisms of which remove the VOC from the air to prevent or reduce inhalation of the same by humans. The material may be combined with an untreated sorbent or sorbent treated with ionic alkaline salts.

An automated organic closed-loop grow enclosure that has rows of hydration trays that support removable (three across) grow containers for microgreens such as broccoli. Each grow container has a layer of soil. The seeds are treated with mycorrhizae and mixed with enriched top soil having a wicking agent. The grow containers are automatically watered once a day from the bottom and the capillary action of the soil lifts and holds the water in the grow container. LED Lighting is used to stimulate day and night cycles. The water is treated with magnets, turbulence and charcoal filters. The water cascades down the tiered trays using siphons. No other treatment of the water is necessary since almost no micro-organisms or organic material leak from the grow containers due to a filter barrier in the bottom of the grow container. Spectacular consistent growth rates are easily achieved.