An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an anode unit to oxidize water and thus generate oxygen; a cathode unit to reduce carbon dioxide and thus generate a carbon compound and hydrogen; a separator separating the anode and cathode units; and a power supply connected to the anode and cathode units, the cathode unit including: a porous member having a first surface and a second surface; a flow path plate facing the first surface; and a reduction catalyst on the second surface, and the flow path plate including: a flow path through which a target gas containing the carbon dioxide flows; and a porous film separating a first space and a second space inside the flow path and being permeated with an ionic liquid, the ionic liquid being configured to separate the carbon dioxide from the target gas.

Provided herein are bioderived 1,3-butanediol compositions and systems and processes for producing such bioderived 1,3-butanediol compositions.

A method for separating dimethyl carbonate from methanol includes subjecting a raw material containing dimethyl carbonate and methanol to extractive distillation. The extractant contains an ionic liquid and a compound having a general formula of CH.sub.3O(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.nCH.sub.3, n being an integer of 2-8. The ionic liquid is an imidazole ionic liquid, a pyridine ionic liquid, or a mixture thereof.

An electrochemical reaction device comprises: an anode unit to oxidize water and thus generate oxygen; a cathode unit to reduce carbon dioxide and thus generate a carbon compound and hydrogen; a separator separating the anode and cathode units; and a power supply connected to the anode and cathode units, the cathode unit including: a porous member having a first surface and a second surface; a flow path plate facing the first surface; and a reduction catalyst on the second surface, and the flow path plate including: a flow path through which a target gas containing the carbon dioxide flows; and a porous film separating a first space and a second space inside the flow path and being permeated with an ionic liquid, the ionic liquid being configured to separate the carbon dioxide from the target gas.

Provided herein are bioderived 1,3-butanediol compositions and systems and processes for producing such bioderived 1,3-butanediol compositions.

A method for separating dimethyl carbonate from methanol includes subjecting a raw material containing dimethyl carbonate and methanol to extractive distillation, wherein an extractant comprising a compound having a general formula of CH.sub.3O(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.nCH.sub.3, n being an integer of 2-8, is used in the extractive distillation. The method has the advantages of good separation effect, high product purity, and environmental friendly.

An apparatus for processing a biomass material includes an evaporator and a dryer. The evaporator includes a vertically orientated evaporator housing with a heatable casing, which encloses a rotationally symmetric evaporation chamber and a drivable evaporator rotor shaft, including a central evaporator rotor shaft body and wiping units. The wiping unit includes wiping elements designed for wiping inside the evaporator housing casing. The dryer includes a housing with heatable casing and encloses a drying chamber and a drivable dryer rotor shaft for distributing the biomass material inside the casing and conveying the biomass material toward the dryer outlet and includes a central dryer rotor shaft body and rotating elements over the circumference thereof, and rigidly mounted on the dryer rotor shaft body.