The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure relates to a porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme system that includes a high surface area solid and a liquid film substantially covering the high surface area solid. The porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme may be contacted with a fluid that is immiscible with the liquid film such that a liquid-fluid interface is formed. The liquid film may facilitate mass transfer of a substance or substrate across the liquid-fluid interface. The present disclosure also provides methods of performing liquid-based extractions and enzymatic reactions utilizing the porous liquid or porous liquid enzyme of the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides methods for selecting the components of the porous liquid or a porous liquid enzyme system and methods of self-replenishing the used liquid coating.

A method is provided in which a carbon dioxide containing flue gas is provided by combusting a carbonaceous fuel in a high pressure steam generating unit using combustion air, and in which the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is at least partially captured and compressed in a carbon dioxide capture and compression unit having a carbon dioxide scrubber operated with an absorbing liquid which is regenerated using low pressure steam. The combustion air used in the high pressure steam generating unit is at least partially heated using sensible heat of the flue gas and/or the steam used for regenerating the absorption liquid of the carbon dioxide scrubber is at least partially generated using sensible heat of the flue gas. A corresponding system is also described herein.

A treatment method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of combustion exhaust gas includes: a caustic soda synthesis step; a treatment step of reducing carbon dioxide emission of combustion exhaust gas; and a recycling step. In the caustic soda synthesis step, a natural sodium carbonate aqueous solution (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) prepared by dissolving natural sodium carbonate ore powder composed of Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 and NaHCO.sub.3 in a caustic soda aqueous solution is used to generate a caustic soda aqueous solution and calcium carbonate precipitate by a causticization reaction with slaked lime, and solid-liquid separation is performed to obtain a synthetic caustic soda aqueous solution. In the treatment step, the synthetic caustic soda aqueous solution and purified combustion exhaust gas are brought into gas-liquid countercurrent contact so that carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is absorbed by the synthetic caustic soda aqueous solution and immobilized as sodium carbonate.

The present disclosure relates to a cucurbituril-polyethylenimine-silica complex, a method for preparing the same and a carbon dioxide absorbent containing the same. According to the present disclosure, a cucurbituril-polyethylenimine-silica complex may be prepared by forming a complex wherein a cucurbituril is bound to polyethylenimine and including the same inside silica, and it may be used as a carbon dioxide absorbent with superior thermal stability and prevented formation of urea.

The present invention relates to a vertical column apparatus (1) for mass exchange processes in the chemical, oil or gas industry and in particular, for the production of iodine from formation water of oil and gas fields, comprising: a gas outlet (2) at the top and a liquid outlet (3) at the bottom of the column (1); a packed section (4) between the top and the bottom of the column (1), wherein the column (1) has a liquid inlet (5) above the packed section (4) and a gas inlet (6) below the packed section (4), wherein an upper portion (7) of the column (1) has a larger diameter (d.sub.u) compared to a diameter (d.sub.p) of the packed section (4).

Device to dry a damp compressed gas, whereby the device (2) is provided with a dryer that is provided with a liquid desiccant and configured to bring compressed gas in contact with the aforementioned desiccant that is capable of absorbing moisture from the compressed gas, characterised in that the dryer is a membrane dryer (11); the device (2) to dry compressed gas contains a circuit (20) in which the aforementioned liquid desiccant is placed and means to allow the circulation of the desiccant in the circuit (20), consecutively through the membrane dryer (11) with a membrane (13) that forms a partition between the compressed, gas on one side and the liquid desiccant on the other side of the membrane (13), whereby the membrane (13) is impermeable or virtually impermeable to the gas in the compressed gas but selectively permeable to the moisture in the compressed gas; a heat exchanger (29} to heat up the liquid desiccant; a regenerator (22) used to remove at least partially the moisture absorbed in the liquid desiccant before this is returned through the membrane dryer (11) for a following cycle, whereby the regenerator (22) is formed by a housing (23) through which the liquid desiccant with the moisture absorbed therein is guided in moisture-transfer contact with a flushing agent that is simultaneously guided through the housing (23) and is capable of absorbing moisture from the liquid desiccant upon contact; and the circuit (20) is provided with a closable bypass (45) between a branching point in the circuit downstream from the regenerator (22) and upstream from the membrane dryer (11) and a confluence point in the circuit downstream from the membrane dryer (11) and upstream from the regenerator (22).

A carbon dioxide absorbent of an embodiment includes a chain amine, a cyclic amine, and an acid. The chain amine is a compound expressed by Formula (1) of FIG. 1. R.sup.1 in Formula (1) is hydrogen or an alkyl chain having at least one hydroxyl group and 1 to 7 carbon atoms. R.sup.2 in Formula (1) is an alkyl chain having at least one hydroxyl group and 1 to 7 carbon atoms. R.sup.3 in Formula (1) is hydrogen, a straight alkyl chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl chain having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl chain having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.

A CO.sub.2 recovery apparatus includes: an absorption tower configured to remove CO.sub.2 in an exhaust gas by contacting with a CO.sub.2 absorption liquid containing an absorption agent; a regeneration tower for regenerating the CO.sub.2 absorption liquid from the absorption tower; a reflux water drum for separating CO.sub.2 gas released from the regeneration tower into CO.sub.2 gas and condensed water; a first cleaning device installed in a gas-phase part of the regeneration tower and configured to remove the absorption agent contained in the CO.sub.2 gas flowing through the gas-phase part, by using a first cleaning liquid containing at least the condensed water from the reflux water drum or a water obtained from the condensed water; and a control device configured to adjust a supply amount of the first cleaning liquid to the first cleaning device so that a concentration of the absorption agent in the condensed water is maintained to be not greater than a predetermined value.

A desulfurization absorption tower, a method for setting up the same and a method for operating the same. The tower may include an internal anti-corrosion layer that may be used for contacting the flue gas and the desulfurization absorption liquid, may define the tower chamber, and may include stainless steel plate whose thickness is 1.0 mm to 6.0 mm. The tower body may include an external supporting layer that may be used for supporting the anti-corrosion layer and may include carbon steel. The supporting layer and the anti-corrosion layer may be designed to jointly bear a load, wherein the supporting layer may be designed to bear a large part of the load, and the anti-corrosion layer may be designed to bear a small part of the load.