A process for removing hydrocarbons from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons includes introducing ozone to the feed stream to produce an ozone doped stream containing ozone and hydrocarbons, and contacting the ozone doped stream with a supported metal catalyst at a temperature of from 100 C. to 300 C. to produce a treated stream, wherein the supported metal catalyst comprises iron supported on a support selected from aluminosilicates, silica-aluminas, silicates and aluminas. A process for removing NO.sub.x from a feed stream containing NO.sub.x, and an apparatus for removing hydrocarbons and/or NO.sub.x from a feed stream containing hydrocarbons and/or NO.sub.x are also provided.

The present invention solves the existing problem of using very expensive oxidation reagents, such as H.sub.2O.sub.2 and ozone, in removal of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from flue gases, by performing simultaneous oxidation of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x with atmospheric oxygen in a combined system for catalytic oxidation and wet-scrubbing of both NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from a flue gas and manufacturing fertilisers. Two major configurations of the oxidation system are disclosed in the present invention. The first configuration operates on oxygen-enriched air to increase efficiency of the oxidation reaction and requires an additional oxygen concentrator unit. The second configuration operates on atmospheric air at ambient conditions and requires an additional catalyst activation unit. In the second configuration, the efficient oxidation process is carried out at low temperatures of about 30-90 C. in the presence of recovered and re-activated catalyst. This temperature is a result of the exothermic character of the reaction, and therefore, no heating is required in the process.

Provided are a novel form of AFX zeolite, a novel synthesis technique for producing pure phase small pore zeolites, a novel synthesis method for producing a zeolite with an increased Al pair content, a catalyst comprising the AFX zeolite in combination with a metal, and methods of using the same.

The present invention relates to a catalyst comprising at least one oxide of vanadium, at least one oxide of tungsten, at least one oxide of cerium, at least one oxide of titanium and at least one oxide of antimony, and an exhaust system containing said oxides.

Provided are a novel form of AEI zeolite, a novel synthesis technique for producing pure phase AEI zeolite, a catalyst comprising the AEI zeolite in combination with a metal, and methods of using the same.

A combustible gas from carbon black production is utilized in a gas engine by adding an oxygen-containing gas to the combustible gas, passing said mixed gas over a selective catalyst, which is active for oxidizing H.sub.2S to SO.sub.2 but substantially inactive for oxidation of CO, H.sub.2 and other hydrocarbons with less than 4 C-atoms, passing the converted gas through an SO.sub.2 removal step, and passing the cleaned gas to a gas engine or to an energy recovery boiler. This way, the tail gas from carbon black production, which is normally combusted in a CO boiler or incinerated, can be utilized to good effect.

The present application solves the existing problem of using very expensive oxidation reagents, such as H.sub.2O.sub.2 and ozone, in removal of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from the flue gases, by performing the NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x oxidation with atmospheric oxygen. The combined system for catalytic oxidation and wet-scrubbing of simultaneously both NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x from a flue gas and manufacturing fertilisers, comprises: (a) an air separation unit for separating atmospheric oxygen from air and thereby producing an air stream substantially enriched with atmospheric oxygen for oxidation of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x, (b) an adsorption and oxidation reactor containing an oxidation catalyst and designed to receive said air stream and a flue gas stream containing NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x, to adsorb said streamed gases, and then to carry out the catalytic oxidation of said NO.sub.x and SO.sub.x by said oxygen to yield nitric and sulphuric acids, (c) a separator and reactor control unit for separation of products and liquids and controlling said catalytic oxidation and wet-scrubbing; and (d) a vessel containing gas or liquid ammonia, connected to said adsorption and oxidation reactor or to said separator and reactor control unit, and streaming said ammonia into the adsorption and oxidation reactor or into the separator and reactor control unit to react with the nitric and sulphuric acids and to yield ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate fertilisers.

An inorganic oxide material doped with nano-rare earth oxide particles that is capable of trapping one or more of NO.sub.x or SO.sub.x at a temperature that is less than 400 C. The nano-rare earth oxide particles have a particle size that is less than 10 nanometers. The catalyst support can trap at least 0.5% NO.sub.2 at a temperature less than 350 C. and/or at least 0.4% SO.sub.2 at a temperature less than 325 C. The catalyst support can trap at least 0.5% NO.sub.2 and/or at least 0.2% SO.sub.2 at a temperature that is less than 250 C. after being aged at 800 C. for 16 hours in a 10% steam environment. The catalyst support exhibits at least a 25% increase in capacity for at least one of NO.sub.x or SO.sub.x trapping at a temperature that is less than 400 C. when compared to a conventional rare earth doped support in a 10% steam environment.

An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine, which oxidation catalyst comprises: a substrate; a first washcoat region comprising palladium (Pd) and a first support material comprising cerium oxide; and a second washcoat region comprising platinum (Pt) and a second support material.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for decomposition of nitrous oxide and also to its method of preparation and use.