Ammonia is made in a system that includes a conversion reactor for performing a Haber-Bosch process. Effluent streams from the conversion reactor, which include an ammonia component and excess hydrogen and nitrogen reactants, are fed to a membrane separator that includes NaA zeolite membranes disposed on one or more hollow porous supports. The NaA zeolite membranes are highly selective for the ammonia component, allowing the ammonia to be collected from a lumen of the membranes as a product and enriching the excess hydrogen and nitrogen reactants for reuse in the conversion reactor. These systems and the methods of their use are effective to replace and/or modify the energy-intensive condensation/recycling steps in the traditional Haber-Bosch process used to condense NH3 from the exiting stream of the reactor. The selective removal of ammonia by high quality NaA membranes helps to shift the ammonia evolution reaction.

An air separation device and a refrigerating and freezing device. The air separation device comprises a support frame and an air separation membrane, wherein a supporting surface with a channel and an enriched-gas collection chamber communicated with the channel are formed in the support frame. The air separation membrane laid on the support surface of the support frame and configured to enable more of a specific gas than other gases in airflow of the space around the air separation device to enter the enriched-gas collection chamber through the air separation membrane. According to the air separation device provided by the present invention, the support frame is specially designed to adopt the structure provided with the support surface and the enriched-gas collection chamber, the channel communicated with the enriched-gas collection chamber is formed on the support surface, and the air separation membrane is disposed on the support surface.

An adsorbate-selective metal organic framework includes a transition metal; and a plurality of organic molecules coordinated to the transition metal so as to preserve open coordination sites for selectively adsorbing molecules that have low-lying π* orbitals. The transition metal has a lowest energy spin state in the presence of the selectively adsorbed molecules that are strongly bonding to the transition metal through π-donating interactions which is different than the lowest energy spin state in the absence of these adsorbed molecules. The transition metal has also a lowest energy spin state in the presence of non-selected molecules that are weakly bonding to the transition metal through σ- and/or π-accepting and/or donating interactions.

A method is disclosed for controlling the generation of gas occurring in a generator via a filtering membrane (M). The filtering membrane (M) is fed at the entry with a gas pushed by a compressor (C), and is capable of separating gaseous components of the gas at the exit. The method has the steps of detecting the gas pressure at a detection point (SP1) at the membrane entry and/or at the exit (M); adjusting the regime of the compressor (C) so that the detected pressure is maintained at a reference pressure, here called Pref]. Advantages: less wear out for the compressor and extended life cycle.

Fuel tank inerting systems are provided. The systems include a fuel tank, an air source arranged to supply air into a reactive flow path, a catalytic reactor having a plurality of sub-reactors along the flow path, and a heat exchanger. The sub-reactors are arranged relative to the heat exchanger such that the flow path passes through at least a portion of the heat exchanger between two sub-reactors along the flow path. At least one fuel injector is arranged relative to at least one sub-reactor. The fuel injector is configured to inject fuel into the flow path at at least one of upstream of and in the respective at least one sub-reactor to generate a fuel-air mixture. A fuel tank ullage supply line fluidly connects the flow path to the fuel tank to supply an inert gas to a ullage of the fuel tank.

A humidification and selective permeation module in which humidification of a gaseous feed stream and selective permeation of components in the gaseous feed stream using a facilitated-transport membrane occurs within the same unit operation is disclosed. A process for separation of components in a gaseous feed stream using the humidification and permeation module combines continuous humidification of the feed stream and selective permeation using the facilitated-transport membrane.

In view of above problems, an object of the invention is to provide a primary containment vessel venting system having a structure capable of continuously discharging vapor in a primary containment vessel out of the system and continuously reducing pressure of the primary containment vessel without discharging radioactive noble gases to the outside of the containment vessel and without using an enclosing vessel or a power source. In order to achieve the above object, an nuclear power plant of the invention includes a primary containment vessel which includes a reactor pressure vessel, a radioactive substance separation apparatus which is disposed inside the primary containment vessel and through which the radioactive noble gases do not permeate but vapor permeates, a vent pipe which is connected to the radioactive substance separation apparatus, and an exhaust tower which is connected to the vent pipe and discharges a gas, from which a radioactive substance is removed, to the outside.

A system and method for providing inerting gas to a protected space is disclosed. The system includes an air separation module that includes an air inlet, a membrane with a permeability differential between oxygen and nitrogen, a nitrogen-enriched air outlet, and an oxygen-enriched air outlet. The system also includes an air flow path between an air source and the air separation module inlet, and an inerting gas flow path between the air separation module nitrogen-enriched air outlet and the protected space.

A contaminant removal system for removing a contaminant from an environment includes a gas separator, a scrubber-separator downstream of the gas separator, and a stripper-separator downstream of the scrubber-separator. The gas separator is configured to receive a cabin air stream from the environment and concentrate the contaminant from the cabin air stream to produce a concentrated cabin air stream. The cabin air stream includes the contaminant, and the concentrated cabin air stream has a higher concentration of the contaminant than the cabin air stream. The scrubber-separator is configured to absorb the contaminant from the concentrated cabin air stream into a liquid sorbent and discharge a clean air stream to the environment. The stripper-separator is configured to desorb the contaminant from the liquid sorbent into a contaminant stream.

A polymer blend membrane includes a polyether-based copolymer and a polyether polymerized in situ and has high permeability and high selectivity for carbon dioxide. In the polymer blend membrane, the free volume of the polyether-based copolymer is greatly increased, and the adsorption capacity for carbon dioxide is enhanced. Thus, it can have excellent mechanical properties and excellent permeability and selectivity for carbon dioxide.