A method of reducing selenium contamination in a waste water stream is described herein. The method includes channeling a flue gas stream through an absorber, contacting the flue gas stream with an aqueous alkaline-based slurry, such that any selenium byproduct in the flue gas stream forms a selenium compound within the aqueous alkaline-based slurry, controlling oxidation of the selenium compound in the aqueous alkaline-based slurry, and adding a precipitation agent to the aqueous alkaline-based slurry to cause the selenium compound within the aqueous alkaline-based slurry to precipitate.

To adsorb a substance to be treated in a fluid (7) with a higher adsorption capacity and lower pressure loss, an adsorptive sintered compact (20) includes powder adsorbent materials (1a, 1b), and resin structures (2) in which voids (3) are formed in a three-dimensional network. The powder adsorbent materials (1a, 1b) include free adsorbent materials (1a) free-movably contained in the voids (3) between the resin structures (2), and fixed adsorbent materials (1b) fixed to a surface (2a) of the resin structure (2) and/or at least partly embedded inside the resin structure (2), and the powder adsorbent materials (1a, 1b) are at least one of powdered activated carbon, powdered activated clay, and zeolite.

The process of reacting nanoscale ce-MoS.sub.2 nanosheets anchored on oxide support with lead in solution at room temperature whereby the reaction is rapid and spontaneous resulting in the formation of PbMoO.sub.4-xS.sub.x in the process of scavenging Pb.sup.2+ and Pb.sup.4+ present in the solution.

A method for extracting rare earth metals (e.g., lanthanides and/or actinides) from aqueous solution, the method comprising: (i) acidifying an aqueous solution containing said rare earth metals with sulfuric acid to result in an acidified aqueous solution containing 1-12 M concentration of sulfuric acid; and (ii) contacting the acidified aqueous solution with an aqueous-insoluble hydrophobic solution comprising a rare earth extractant molecule dissolved in an aqueous-insoluble hydrophobic solvent to result in extraction of one or more of the rare earth metals into the aqueous hydrophobic solution, wherein the rare earth extractant molecule has the following structure: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing 1-20 carbon atoms, provided that the total carbon atoms in R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 is at least 12; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently selected from hydrogen atom and hydrocarbon groups containing 1-3 carbon atoms.

A gas separator includes a separation membrane complex in which a separation membrane with pores having a mean pore diameter less than or equal to 1 nm is formed on a porous support, and a gas supply part that supplies a mixed gas including CO.sub.2 and another gas from the side of the separation membrane to the separation membrane complex. Then, CO.sub.2 in the mixed gas is caused to permeate through the separation membrane and the support and is separated from the mixed gas in a state in which at least part of a permeation surface of the support, from which a gas having permeated through the separation membrane is exhausted, has a temperature lower by 10° C. or more than the temperature of the mixed gas before being supplied to the separation membrane complex.

A graphene material coating and a preparation method thereof pertain to the technical field of air filtration, and relates to an air filtration device and system based on the graphene material coating. The preparation method of the graphene material coating includes the following steps: S1), preparing a slurry dispersion stock solution: adding a dispersant and a binder to a solvent, and stirring to form the slurry dispersion stock solution; and S2), forming a graphene surface coating: adding a graphene powder to the slurry dispersion stock solution, and after being homogenized by stirring, coating a homogenate on a surface of a carrier, and drying to obtain a finished product of the graphene material coating. This technique can increase the adsorption rate of harmful substances in the gases and avoid secondary pollution caused by unstable adsorption.

A process for continuously upgrading heavy oil to produce light hydrocarbon gases which are recycled in the process as a carrier gas used in spark-discharge hydrocarbon cracking within the process. The process also produces light hydrocarbon liquids which are used to upgrade the heavy oil. An apparatus for continuously upgrading heavy oil to produce light hydrocarbon gases which are recycled in the as a carrier gas used in spark-discharge hydrocarbon cracking within the apparatus. The apparatus also produces light hydrocarbon liquids which are used to upgrade the heavy oil.

A waste gas purification system according to an embodiment includes an adsorption-catalysis-oxidation unit, an enhanced absorption unit, an air inducing unit, and a flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit that are sequentially connected. The waste gas enters a heat exchange device of the flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit through a first waste gas delivery pipeline to perform heat exchange, then is converged with waste gas in a second waste gas delivery pipeline and enters a third waste gas delivery pipeline. Waste gas in the third waste gas delivery pipeline is purified after sequentially passing through the adsorption-catalysis-oxidation unit and the enhanced absorption unit. Purified flue gas is introduced into the flue gas discharge and heat exchange unit by the air inducing unit, and the purified flue gas is discharged after performing heat exchange with the heat exchange device.

The present disclosure relates to a flue gas treatment system (e.g. a multi-pollutant flue gas treatment system) for removal of greenhouse gases such as SO.sub.2, NO, NO.sub.2, H.sub.2S, HCl, water and CO.sub.2 as well as heavy metals (e.g. mercury, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, lead and/or selenium) from the flue gases of fossil-fueled utility and industrial plants by reacting the raw flue gas, firstly, with chlorine in a gas-phase oxidation reaction and recovering the resulting products as marketable products, and then, secondly, treating the cleaned gas, which includes CO.sub.2, with a Sabatier reaction to produce a hydrocarbon fuel (e.g. methane). The system also includes an electrolytic unit for electrolyzing HCl to produce hydrogen gas for the Sabatier reaction as well as chlorine gas, which may then be recycled into the reactor.

Various embodiments disclosed relate to extraction of target materials using a CZTS sorbent. A method of extracting a target material from a medium includes contacting a copper zinc tin sulfur (CZTS) sorbent with the target material in the medium including the target material to form a used CZTS sorbent that includes the target material.