A flow-electrode cartridge unit and a submerged flow-electrode capacitive deionization device using the same are proposed. The flow-electrode cartridge unit includes a pair of porous current collector plates arranged to face each other in a spaced apart state from each other in a first direction, a pair of ion separation membranes positioned on respective outer surfaces of the porous current collector plates in the first direction, a channel frame for wrapping around the pair of porous current collector plates and the pair of ion separation membranes to expose each of the ion separation membranes in the first direction, thereby forming a flow electrode channel between the pair of porous current collector plates, a pair of communication holes formed in the channel frame and communicating the flow electrode channel to an outside, and an electrode terminal formed in the channel frame and electrically connected to the porous current collector plates.

A filter unit for filtering liquid includes a housing with an inlet and an outlet, a first filter and a second filter disposed in the housing, and a liquid flow path extending from the inlet to the outlet. The liquid flow path directs the liquid one of radially inward and radially outward through a first filter media of the first filter and the other one of radially and directs the liquid the other one of radially inward and radially outward through a second filter media of the second filter. A method of filtering a liquid within a filter unit includes passing the liquid one of radially inward and radially outward through a first filter media of a first filter and passing the liquid the other one of radially inward and radially outward through a second filter media of a second filter.

The present invention relates to units for separation of gas mixtures using hollow fiber membranes and may be used in chemical, oil, gas and other industries. More specifically, this invention relates to the structure of the membrane gas separation module which may be applied, for instance, in membrane separation units for helium concentrate. The membrane gas separation module comprises the horizontal body with end covers and membrane cartridges made of a bundle of hollow fibers and located in an inversed manner in relation to the center. The body comprises symmetrical end sections of large diameter which are mated by conical transition sections with the central section of minor diameter. In this case length of end sections corresponds with length restricted by the body end and input area of membrane cartridges, and central section inner diameter is configured to provide both free mounting/dismounting of membrane cartridges and tight fit thereof at the sealing point with ring gaskets. Feed gas input nozzles are located on end sections of the body perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis in front of input areas of membrane cartridges, permeate output nozzles are located on end sections of the body near end covers perpendicularly to the body longitudinal axis. The technical result is reduction of weight and dimensional properties of the membrane module and the whole gas separation unit in general, as well as reduction of labor intensity of operations during mounting/dismounting of body end covers of the membrane module.

Citric acid is purified to remove metal ions through a two-step filtration process. A first filter is used to perform a first filtration, then a second filter is used to perform a second filtration on citric acid solution that has been subject to the first filtration. The first and second filters can include the same filter membrane material. The filter used as the first filter can be a relatively dirtier, more loaded filter compared to the filter used as the second filter. The first filtration can be performed over four hours of recirculating the citric acid solution through the first filter, and the second filtration can be performed over approximately two and one half hours of recirculating the citric acid solution through the second filter. Such a purification process can remove calcium and magnesium ions to render citric acid suitable as a cleaning solution in semiconductor processing.

There is provided a pleated cartridge filter for high-purity chemicals that minimizes elution of metal from polyethylene into high-purity chemicals and is suitable mainly for a resist manufacturing process. A cylindrical pleated cartridge filter including a cylindrical core, a pleated filter material wound on the core, and caps sealing both ends of the core, wherein the pleated filter material is composed of a filtration membrane and a spacer laminated together, and the spacer is a nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene fibers having a metal element content of less than 40 ppm.

An end cap for a pressure vessel has at least one part for connecting the end cap to a housing. The at least one part comprises a number of recesses. The recesses are arranged to form at least one fluid passage between an inside and an outside of the end cap when the end cap is plugged on the housing. A housing for a pressure vessel has at least one counterpart for connecting an end cap to the housing by engaging a part of the end cap. The at least one counterpart comprises a number of recesses. The recesses are arranged to form at least one fluid passage between an inside and an outside of the housing when the end cap is plugged on the housing. A method for leak testing a pressure vessel and a method for checking a connection between at least one end cap and a housing of a pressure vessel for leak tightness are also described.

A cartridge type hollow fiber membrane module includes: a cartridge type hollow fiber membrane element including a hollow fiber membrane bundle, a distribution cylinder, and an adhesive resin portion; a module case including a module case main body portion which has at least one port corresponding to a supply outlet of filtrate or an undiluted solution on a side surface, and a header which has a port corresponding to a supply outlet of filtrate or an undiluted solution, and accommodating the cartridge type hollow fiber membrane element; a first sealing member disposed to come into contact with the distribution cylinder and the header on an external side of a boundary surface between the supporting portion and the adhesive resin portion; and a second sealing member disposed to come into contact with an outer circumference portion of the distribution cylinder and the module case main body portion.

A hollow-fiber membrane module of the invention includes: a cylindrical case having a first end and a second end in a height direction thereof; a hollow-fiber membrane bundle being housed in the cylindrical case and having a plurality of hollow-fiber membranes each closed at an end part on the first end side and opened at an end part on the second end side; a first binding part binding the end parts on the first end side of the hollow-fiber membranes; a first flow channel guiding fluid to pass through the first binding part from the first end side to the second end side of the first binding part; and a channel material directing, at a terminal on the second end side of the first flow channel, a flow of at least a part of the fluid flowing out from the terminal on the second end side of the first flow channel toward a direction intersecting the height direction of the cylindrical case.

A method for removing silica from ultra pure water (UPW) comprises passing UPW through a filter comprising a microporous cationically charged membrane having an upstream surface and a downstream surface; and a porous asymmetric membrane having a first surface and an upstream portion and a downstream portion and a second surface, and a bulk between the first surface and the second surface including the upstream portion and the downstream portion, the porous asymmetric membrane having decreasing pore sizes in a direction from the first surface and the upstream portion to the downstream portion and the second surface, the second surface comprising a skin having a nanoporous average pore size, wherein the first surface of the porous asymmetric membrane contacts the downstream surface of the microporous cationically charged membrane; the method including passing the UPW through the microporous cationically charged membrane before passing the UPW through the porous asymmetric membrane.

A fluid circuit defining a flow path for a fluid from a fluid supply toward a process stage. The fluid circuit may include a plurality of operative components including a body portion and a plurality of tubing connector fittings. The operative components may be connected by a plurality of tubing segments. Each body portion may include a non-conductive fluoropolymer portion and an outer conductor that extends between each of the plurality of tubing connector fittings and that is unitary with the non-conductive fluoropolymer portion. The plurality of tubing segments may include a non-conductive fluoropolymer tubing portion and an axial strip of conductive polymer. The outer conductor of each body portion conductively connected with tubing segments connected thereto. Each of the connectors may include a bridging component for conductively connecting the respective outer conductor of the body portion to the strip of conductive polymer of the connecting tubing segments.