A hollow fibre membrane having a coiled, a hemihelix, a helical or an undulated native form, in which the membrane can be stretched by up to 4-times its original length with no plastic deformation, and wherein the native form of the membrane is produced by the asymmetric flow of liquid polymer through an opening of a die or nozzle.

A separation device for separating a filtrate from a sample fluid, especially for extracting plasma from whole blood, comprising a sample container for receiving the sample fluid and a filter plunger to be introduced under seal into the sample container, which filter plunger has a filter element at its front end and a grip element on the opposite end and will receive in its interior the filtrate obtained. After insertion of the filter plunger into the sample container an annular chamber is formed between the inner wall of the sample container and the outer wall of the filter plunger, which is sealed against the exterior by a sealing lip and in which an air cushion is formed upon introduction of the filter plunger into the sample container, which acts on the sample fluid. A flow connection is provided between the annular chamber and the front side of the filter element after insertion of the filter plunger is terminated.

A system and method for the desalination of a wastewater stream. The system has an inlet pipe which directs wastewater stream which has saline water to a settling and separation bowl. The bowl has a filtration membrane located within the separation bowl. The bowl further has an outlet pipe to direct cleaned water out of the settling bowl.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and an apparatus assembly for assessing the suitability of a membrane, such as an osmotic membrane in an osmotic process. Furthermore, the apparatus, and apparatus assembly provide the means to optimise the parameters of an osmotic process, including the ability to gather key data for different membrane based osmotic systems to enable osmotic process and system optimisation.

A hollow fibre membrane having a coiled, a hemihelix, a helical or an undulated native form, in which the membrane can be stretched by up to 4-times its original length with no plastic deformation, and wherein the native form of the membrane is produced by the asymmetric flow of liquid polymer through an opening of a die or nozzle.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and an apparatus assembly for assessing the suitability of a membrane, such as an osmotic membrane in an osmotic process. Furthermore, the apparatus, and apparatus assembly provide the means to optimise the parameters of an osmotic process, including the ability to gather key data for different membrane based osmotic systems to enable osmotic process and system optimisation.

A desalination apparatus and a method of desalinating thereof, wherein the desalination apparatus comprises a perforated vessel and at least one engineered semi-permeable membrane that covers perforations on the perforated vessel, wherein the desalination apparatus forms a purified water from saline water when submerged in the saline water to a depth of 50-250 m to create sufficient pressure differential on both sides of the engineered semi-permeable membrane, wherein low-saline water flows through the engineered semi-permeable membrane and collected within an internal cavity of the desalination apparatus. Various embodiments of the desalination apparatus and the method of desalinating are also provided.

A desalination apparatus and a method of desalinating thereof, wherein the desalination apparatus comprises a perforated vessel and at least one engineered semi-permeable membrane that covers perforations on the perforated vessel, wherein the desalination apparatus forms a purified water from saline water when submerged in the saline water to a depth of 50-250 m to create sufficient pressure differential on both sides of the engineered semi-permeable membrane, wherein low-saline water flows through the engineered semi-permeable membrane and collected within an internal cavity of the desalination apparatus. Various embodiments of the desalination apparatus and the method of desalinating are also provided.

Disclosed are a system and methods for producing lithium hydroxide directly from natural brine by an electrochemical approach. In one example version of the system, an electrochemical cell operates in two states. In one state, lithium cations (Li.sup.+) intercalate into a first electrode from the brine, and sodium cations (Na.sup.+) deintercalate from a second electrode into the brine. In another state, lithium cations deintercalate from the first electrode into a dilute lithium hydroxide (LiOH) solution, and sodium cations intercalate to the second electrode from a concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Hydroxide anions (OH.sup.) transport through an anion exchange membrane to combine with lithium cations (Li.sup.+) to form LiOH, continuously increasing its concentration.