Methods for monitoring patient parameters and blood fluid removal system parameters include identifying those system parameters that result in improved patient parameters or in worsened patent parameters. By comparing the patient's current parameters to past parameters in response to system parameters or changes in system parameters, a blood fluid removal system may be able to avoid future use of parameters that may harm the patient and may be able to learn which parameters are likely to be most effective in treating the patient in a blood fluid removal session.

A fluid purification system has cells whose purifying capability can be regenerated. Some of the cells are arranged in series to reach a high level of purification. An automatic valve network is controlled to cycle the cells in a way that levels the loads on each, thereby maximizing the service interval for replacing expired cells, enabling all of the cells to be replaced at the same time after having each contributing approximately equally to the purification load, and operated such that at any one time, at least one cell is regenerated so as to enable continuous up-time.

A membrane gas separator with a built-in valve along with a method of open and closing the membrane gas separator are disclosed herein. The membrane separator contains an inlet chamber, hollow selective fibres, an outlet chamber, a central core element and a flushing space. The membrane separator contains a built-in combined valve in the outlet chamber and a the central space and a check valve at an inlet manifold. The built-in valve contains a throttling section to ensure a reduced backflow of a final product from the outlet manifold to the inner space of hollow fibres, and the sealing section to stop the flow of the flushing medium from the outlet chamber to the flushing space when no inlet medium flows through the separator. The method of opening of the membrane separator includes opening of the sealing section and subsequent opening and deactivation of the throttling section. The method of closing of the membrane separator includes closing and activation of the throttling section and closing of the sealing section.

A fluid purification system has cells whose purifying capability can be regenerated. Some of the cells are arranged in series to reach a high level of purification. An automatic valve network is controlled to cycle the cells in a way that levels the loads on each, thereby maximizing the service interval for replacing expired cells, enabling all of the cells to be replaced at the same time after having each contributing approximately equally to the purification load, and operated such that at any one time, at least one cell is regenerated so as to enable continuous up-time.

A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter.

The present invention relates to a method of operating a membrane filtration unit including plural hollow fiber membrane modules connected to each other in parallel, the method including: a filtration step; a collection step; and a recovery step, in which a relation of n.sub.1n.sub.2>n.sub.3 is satisfied, where n.sub.1 is the number of the hollow fiber membrane modules simultaneously used in executing the filtration step, n.sub.2 is the number of the hollow fiber membrane modules simultaneously used in executing the collection step, and n.sub.3 is the number of the hollow fiber membrane modules simultaneously used in executing the recovery step.

A cleaning-in-place method for cleaning a membrane filter module, the membrane filter module including a membrane having a feed side and a permeate side and being configured to filter a fluid passing through the membrane from the feed side to the permeate side; wherein the method comprises performing a sequence of process cycles, the sequence comprising at least one monitored process cycle, the monitored process cycle comprising: providing a flow of a liquid through the membrane and/or across the feed side of the membrane; monitoring at least one hydraulic parameter associated with the provided flow of the liquid; and terminating the flow of the liquid, when the at least one monitored hydraulic parameter meets a predetermined cycle completion criterion.

A multistage cross-flow membrane filtration system and a method for cleaning such a system may be provided. The multistage cross-flow membrane filtration comprises a plurality of membrane stages the permeate outlets of which are selectively connectable to a downstream membrane stage and the cleaning method comprises supplying liquid permeate from at least one membrane stage to at least one downstream membrane stage.

A connector for connecting a dialyzer to a hole in a side wall of a water pipe, the connector including a connector body including a cavity crossing the connector body from a first end of the connector body to a second end, for enabling water flow from the first end to the second end, wherein the cavity at the first end is shaped and sized for pressing onto a port of a dialyzer, and the cavity at the second end is shaped and sized for pressing into a hole in a side wall of a water pipe. In a water filtration system including dialyzers for water filtration, a method of cleaning a dialyzer including providing clean water from a clean water output of one first dialyzer to a clean water output of one second dialyzer, to backwash the second dialyzer. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

A fluid filtration system includes a fluid storage vessel such as a bioreactor, a filter housing including a filter element disposed therein, a pump coupled between the fluid storage vessel and the filter housing, and a flow diverter disposed between the pump and the filter housing. The pump is configured to move fluid from the fluid storage vessel through the filter element, and the flow diverter is configured for selectively directing fluid received from the pump to the first or second end of the filter housing. In a first mode of operation, the flow diverter directs flow through the filter housing in a first direction, while in a second mode of operation, the flow diverter directs flow through the filter housing in a second direction opposite the first direction.