Devices and methods for reducing the specific energy required to reform or pyrolyze reactants in plasmas operating at high flow rates and high pressures are presented. These systems and methods include 1) introducing electrons and/or easily ionized materials to a plasma reactor, 2) increasing turbulence and swirl velocity of the flows of feed gases to have improved mixing in a plasma reactor, and 3) reducing slippage from a plasma reactor system. Such plasma systems may allow plasma reactors to operate at lower temperatures, higher pressure, with improved plasma ignition, increased throughput and improved energy efficiency. In preferred embodiments, the plasma reactors are used to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon, or carbon monoxide through reforming and pyrolysis reactions. Preferred feedstocks include methane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons.

Systems and methods of removing coke/tar from water in a quench water recycling loop of a steam cracker quench system are disclosed. The systems include a quench water separator that has a feed calming compartment for reducing eddies in feed to the quench water separator. The feed calming compartment is defined, at least in part, by a perforated baffle in the quench water separator. The methods include the use of the quench water separator with the perforated baffle and the calming compartment to separate coke/tar from quench water in the quench water recycling loop.

A method of oxidative pyrolysis involves heating hydrocarbon feedstock, heating a steam-oxygen mixture, combusting hydrocarbon feedstock in vapors of a steam-oxygen mixture in a special reactor, rapidly cooling the obtained products of incomplete combustion of chemical reactions in two steps, after which the cooled steam-gas mixture is directed to the fractionation unit. A hydrocarbons pyrolysis device has a steam-oxygen mixture and feedstock mixing chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a coking reactor, a device for heating hydrocarbon feedstock, a device for heating steam-oxygen mixture coupled to a mixing chamber, a coking reactor having a device for supplying coolant to the pyrogas flow, a separation unit coupled to the coking reactor, a fractionation unit with an additional coolant supply device. Disposal of heavy oil residues by rapid coking with high economic efficiency and environmental safely while obtaining high-quality coke and producing aromatic compounds occurs without construction or additional installations.

Provided are a heating furnace and a graphite production method both of which allow a carbonization step and a graphitization step to be consecutively performed. The heating furnace is a heating furnace for producing graphite from a polymeric material, and includes a heating furnace body for subjecting the polymeric material to heat treatment. The heating furnace body includes a closed vessel for containing the polymeric material. A gas outlet pipe is connected to the closed vessel, the gas outlet pipe being for letting, out of the heating furnace body, a pyrolytic gas generated from the polymeric material.

A system and method of producing hydrogen, including converting hydrocarbon to methane via steam and pre-reforming catalyst in a pre-reformer, converting the methane to hydrogen and carbon dioxide by steam reforming via a reforming catalyst in a membrane reformer, diffusing through hydrogen through a tubular membrane in the membrane reformer.

Systems and processes for dehydrogenating one or more alkanes using electrically heated dehydrogenation reactors. The source of electric energy or power can be a power grid, solar panel, windmill, hydropower, nuclear power, fuel cell, gas turbines, steam turbines, portable generator or the like. The systems and processes provided herein result in a simpler dehydrogenation process which is particularly beneficial at a small scale and at remote locations, including the well site.

A horizontal pyrolysis furnace has a kiln and two barrels. The two barrels are respectively a processing barrel rotatably disposed in the kiln and a takeover barrel detachably connected with the processing barrel. Each one of the two barrels has a gate assembly and at least one spiral guiding plate. The gate assembly of the processing barrel is mounted on an end of the processing barrel, and extends out from the kiln. The two gate assemblies of the two barrels are detachably connected such that the two barrels are able to rotate synchronously. The at least one spiral guiding plate is fixed on an inner surface of one of the two barrels, and the spiral guiding plates of both barrels have an identical helical direction.

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate, comprising the following steps: (a) hydrothermal synthesis employing an aqueous mixture comprising (A) a silicon source, (B) a metal source, and (C) an auxiliary component, yielding an aqueous suspension of reaction product 1, comprising a raw porous crystalline metal silicate; and (b) flame spray pyrolysis of reaction product 1, wherein the aqueous suspension obtained in step (a) is sprayed into a flame generated by combustion of a fuel in the presence of oxygen to form a pulverulent, porous crystalline metal silicate; wherein the aqueous suspension comprising reaction product 1 obtained in step (a) exhibits a solids content of ≤70% by weight; and wherein the effective peak temperature, T.sub.eff, experienced by at least 90% by weight of the porous crystalline metal silicate during flame pyrolysis, is in the range T.sub.min<T.sub.eff<T.sub.max, and wherein T.sub.min is 750° C., and wherein T.sub.max is 1250° C.

An installation for the conversion of uranium hexafluoride (UF.sub.6) to uranium dioxide (UO.sub.2) comprises a hydrolysis reactor (4) for the conversion of UF.sub.6 into uranium oxyfluoride powder (UO.sub.2F.sub.2), a pyrohydrolysis furnace (6) for converting the UO.sub.2F.sub.2 powder supplied by the reactor (4) into UO.sub.2 powder, a supply device (8) comprising reagent injection ducts (10) for the injection of UF.sub.6, water vapor or H.sub.2, and a control system (16) designed to control the supply device (8) so as to supply at least one of the reagent injection ducts (10) with a neutral gas during a shut-down or start-up phase of the conversion installation.

The present disclosure relates to graphitic materials and to methods for preparing graphitic materials including processes for preparing graphitic materials comprising a predetermined heteroatom content by heating a conducting polymer.