Providing a method for generating and releasing 1-MCP gas from a complex carrier through the use of a 1-MCP generator that enables the application of at least one physical, releasing force to a carrier complex and/or mixture comprising water and the carrier complex, or the interaction of steam with a carrier complex and/or mixture comprising water and the carrier complex, over a determined period of time.

Disclosed is an oxidation process to produce a crude carboxylic acid product carboxylic acid product. The process comprises oxidizing a feed stream comprising at least one oxidizable compound to generate a crude carboxylic acid slurry comprising furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and compositions thereof. Also disclosed is a process to produce a dry purified carboxylic acid product by utilizing various purification methods on the crude carboxylic acid.

Provided is an approach for scaling up a multiphase plasma chemical reactor that uses gas bubble discharge in liquids. One example involves single spark gap discharge scale up systems and processes with suitable characteristic parameters. Scaling parameters are based on the size change of one spark gap. Another example involves scale-up systems and processes that can be applied to multiple spark gaps with multiple discharge modules and its dimension information. Numbers of modules and resulting device sizes could be based on required production rate and specific energy input. Applications allow for scaling up of any plasma chemical system or process with similar mechanisms and reactors, such oil treatment reactors.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for in situ production of liquid nitrogen fertilizer and plasma activated water for agricultural nutrient management and irrigation water treatment. In the invention, there are two different kinds of plasma reactors operates in tandem.

The present invention relates to hydroformylation reaction processes. In one aspect, a hydroformylation reaction process comprises (a) contacting an olefin, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst in a reactor to provide a reaction fluid, wherein the reactor comprises one or more reaction zones; (b) removing a portion of the reaction fluid from a first reaction zone; (c) passing at least a portion of the removed reaction fluid through a shear mixing apparatus to produce bubbles in the portion of the removed reaction fluid, wherein at least a portion of hydrogen and carbon monoxide provided to the reactor is introduced through the shear mixing apparatus; and (d) returning the removed reaction fluid to the first reaction zone through one or more nozzles wherein the returning reaction fluid exiting each nozzle is a jet, wherein the mixing energy density provided to the reactor by the jets is greater than or equal to 500 Watts/m.sup.3.

A pressurized carbonation reaction apparatus and method thereof are provided. The apparatus comprises: an atomizing gas tank, a plurality of compressors, a plurality of buffer tanks, a plurality of pre-heaters, a pressurized liquid tank, a nozzle, a raw material tank, a carbon dioxide tank, a high-pressure reactor, a raw product tank, a feed pump, a plurality of pressure display gauges, a plurality of temperature controllers with display gauges and a plurality of back pressure valves. The method comprises: dissolving a solid material in a solvent, and storing a resulting liquid material in the raw material tank; introducing gas in the carbon dioxide tank to the high-pressure reactor, controlling temperatures of the high-pressure reactor and the pressurized liquid tank, and pumping, by the feed pump, the liquid material into the pressurized liquid tank to ensure a pressure difference between the pressurized liquid tank and the high-pressure reactor; opening a second check valve, and ensuring that the liquid material reacts with a carbon dioxide atmosphere in the high-pressure reactor after being atomized via the nozzle under a stable pressure difference between the high-pressure reactor and the pressurized liquid tank; and ensuring that when the liquid material in the high-pressure reactor is at a corresponding liquid level, a fifth check valve is opened and discharge continues to obtain a reaction product.

An aspect of the present invention provides an internal and the like. The internal is easily handled and is capable of yielding a satisfactory defoaming effect. An internal (50) is used in a fluidized bed reaction device (1), in which a first material and a second material are brought into contact with each other and reacted with each other. The internal (50) is attached to a ceiling part of the fluidized bed reaction device (1), and includes a plurality of chains (21).

A system and method of using the system for controlling oxidation of sulfites to reduce total nitrite and nitrate levels in a slurry is disclosed. The system includes a tank having an inlet for receiving a slurry produced in a wet flue gas desulfurization process. The tank also includes an inlet for receiving a gas. The inlet for receiving the gas is operable to disperse at least a portion of the gas received in the tank through at least a portion of the slurry received in the tank. A sensor is configured to measure a sulfite concentration of the slurry received in the tank to obtain a sulfite concentration measurement. In some embodiments, the sensor is a sulfite analyzer. In other embodiments, the sensor is a virtual analyzer. The system also includes a controller. Software executing on the controller generates an electronic signal affecting an adjustment of a flow rate of gas into the slurry in the tank based at least in part on the sulfite concentration/sulfite concentration measurement.

A built-in micro interfacial enhanced reaction system and process for PTA production with PX are provided. The system includes a reactor and a micro interfacial unit disposed inside reactor. The reactor includes a shell, an inner cylinder concentrically disposed inside shell, and a circulating heat exchange device partially disposed outside shell, inner cylinder having a bottom end connected to inner bottom surface of the shell in closed manner and an open top end, a region between shell and inner cylinder being first reaction zone, inner cylinder containing second reaction zone and third reaction zone from top to bottom, circulating heat exchange device being connected to inner cylinder and micro interfacial unit respectively. The invention can solve problems of large waste of reaction solvent acetic acid under high temperature and high pressure and being unable to take out the product TA in time during existing process of PTA production with PX.

The invention provides a microdroplet- or bubble-producing device that does not require separate through-holes for different liquid droplet/air bubble-producing flow channels. The droplet-producing flow channels are configured in a three-dimensional manner unlike in a conventional device where they are configured in a two-dimensional plane, and therefore the flow channels can be provided in a more high-density configuration than the prior art. In the microdroplet/bubble-producing device comprising slit(s) and the row of the plurality of microflow channels, the slit(s) is/are a continuous phase supply slit, a dispersion phase supply slit and a discharge slit, the plurality of microflow channels are configured so that the ends of the slit(s) and the two supply ports on both sides or the supply port and discharge port on either side are mutually connected, and at the sites of connection between the microflow channels and the slit(s), the dispersion phase undergoes shear with the continuous phase flow as the driving force, producing droplets or air bubbles of the dispersion phase, which are recovered from the discharge port.