The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, and more particularly, to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer including: a reactor including a gaseous area having a first gaseous reactant inlet provided at a lower portion thereof, and a reaction area in which a reaction medium reacts with the gaseous reactant above the gaseous area; a second gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor in the gaseous area and a third gaseous reactant inlet provided on an inner wall of the reactor facing the second gaseous reactant inlet; and a first injection nozzle connected to the second gaseous reactant inlet and a second injection nozzle connected to the third gaseous reactant inlet.

The present invention relates to a gas/liquid reactor for the oligomerization of gaseous ethylene, comprising a gaseous ethylene injection device and a liquid injection device, said injection devices advantageously being arranged so that the injection of the liquid can bring about a reduction, by shear, of the size of the ethylene bubbles, during the injection of the gaseous ethylene. The gas/liquid reactor according to the present invention may be used for any gaseous olefinic feedstock injected into a liquid phase.

A hybrid vertical plug flow reactor is comprised of a bottom inlet and a top outlet having vertical tubular member disposed there between, wherein the bottom inlet has separate gas reactant inlet and separate liquid reactant inlet whereby the gas reactant is mixed with the liquid reactant and the outlet has an extraction port, the extraction port extending sufficiently to withdraw the liquid product from the reactor and maintain a gaseous head space within the tubular member of the reactor. The hybrid vertical bubble plug flow reactor is useful to react a gas reactant and liquid reactant that are reacted at a molar ratio of gas reactant/liquid reactant that is in excess of a stoichiometric requirement of gas reactant so that the gas reactant forms bubbles and the reactants react in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product.

A process for producing a metal oxide powder by flame spray pyrolysis where a) a stream of a solution containing at least one oxidizable or hydrolysable metal compound is atomized to afford an aerosol by means of an atomizer gas, b) this aerosol is brought to reaction in the reaction space of the reactor with a flame obtained by ignition of a mixture of fuel gas and air, c) the reaction stream is cooled and d) the solid product is subsequently removed from the reaction stream, wherein e) the reaction space comprises one or more successive double-walled internals, wherein the wall of the double-walled internal facing the flame-conducting region of the reaction space comprises at least one slot through which a gas or vapour is introduced into the reaction space in which the flame is burning and f) the slot is arranged such that this gas or vapour brings about a rotation of the flame.

A reaction device for reacting a liquid-phase reactant and a gas-phase reactant converted into fine bubbles includes: a porous body that includes a plurality of flow paths and in which the flow paths are separated by porous walls, the porous walls include continuous pores, and the porous body includes a reaction catalyst at least on the surface thereof; a solution supply section for supplying a solution containing a gas-phase reactant and a liquid-phase reactant to the continuous pores in the porous body; and a solution discharge section for discharging solution containing a reaction product obtained when the solution flows through the continuous pores of the porous body.

A hybrid vertical plug flow reactor is comprised of a bottom inlet and a top outlet having vertical tubular member disposed there between, wherein the bottom inlet has separate gas reactant inlet and separate liquid reactant inlet whereby the gas reactant is mixed with the liquid reactant and the outlet has an extraction port, the extraction port extending sufficiently to withdraw the liquid product from the reactor and maintain a gaseous head space within the tubular member of the reactor. The hybrid vertical bubble plug flow reactor is useful to react a gas reactant and liquid reactant that are reacted at a molar ratio of gas reactant/liquid reactant that is in excess of a stoichiometric requirement of gas reactant so that the gas reactant forms bubbles and the reactants react in the presence of a catalyst to form a reaction product.

Methods and apparatuses for controlling the size of microbubbles are provided herein. The methods include forming a microbubble in a liquid at an inlet end of a liquid microchannel, the liquid microchannel having an outlet end spaced from the inlet end and a liquid microchannel conduit extending therebetween. As the liquid is propelled along a length of the liquid microchannel, the liquid carry the microbubble, a negative pressure is applied to a first very low pressure microchannel having a first end, a second end spaced from the first end and a first very low pressure microchannel conduit extending between the first end and the second end and having a portion thereof being laterally spaced from and adjacent to a portion of the liquid microchannel conduit. The negative pressure withdraws air from the microbubble in the liquid microchannel to shrink the microbubble as the microbubble travels along the portion of the liquid microchannel conduit.

Disclosed is an oxidation process to produce a crude carboxylic acid product carboxylic acid product. The process comprises oxidizing a feed stream comprising at least one oxidizable compound to generate a crude carboxylic acid slurry comprising furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and compositions thereof. Also disclosed is a process to produce a dry purified carboxylic acid product by utilizing various purification methods on the crude carboxylic acid.

A reactor is provided for the preparation of modified bitumen, which reactor comprises a horizontal housing comprising a cylindrical wall and two side walls, wherein a bitumen inlet has been provided at or near one of the side walls of the housing and a bitumen product outlet has been provided at or near the opposite side wall of the housing, wherein a plurality of inlets for the provision of oxygen-containing gas has been provided in the cylindrical wall of the housing between the bitumen inlet and the bitumen product outlet, which multi-purpose reactor is further provided with a mixer arranged inside the housing comprising at least one rotor rotating within at least one stator having a plurality of openings. The reactor is used to prepare modified bitumen by contacting bitumen in the reactor with a modified elevated temperature and pressure.

Proposed is a cylindrical reactor (1) having a vertical longitudinal axis for continuous hydroformylation of a C.sub.6-C.sub.20-olefin or a mixture of C.sub.6-C.sub.20-olefins with synthesis gas in the presence of a homogeneously dissolved metal carbonyl complex catalyst, having a multiplicity of Field tubes (2) which are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the reactor (1) and welded into a tube plate at the upper end of the reactor (1), having a circulation tube (3) open at both ends which envelops the Field tubes (2) and at its lower end projects beyond said tubes, having a jet nozzle (4) at the bottom of the reactor (1) for injecting the reactant mixture comprising the C.sub.6-C.sub.20-olefin, the synthesis gas and the metal carbonyl complex catalyst, wherein the Field tubes (2) are configured in terms of their number and their dimensions such that the total heat exchanger area of said tubes per unit internal volume of the reactor is in the range from 1 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 to 11 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 and the cross sectional area occupied by the Field tubes (2) per unit cross sectional area of the circulation tube (3) is in the range from 0.03 m.sup.2/m.sup.2 to 0.30 m.sup.2/m.sup.2, a gas distributor ring (5) is provided at the lower end of the circulation tube (3), at the inner wall thereof, via which a substream of the synthesis gas is feedable, and wherein one or more distributor trays (6) are provided in the circulation tube (3).