A plasma reactor for processing a workpiece includes a reactor chamber having a ceiling and a sidewall and a workpiece support facing the ceiling and defining a processing region, and a pair of concentric independently excited RF coil antennas overlying the ceiling and a side RF coil concentric with the side wall and facing the side wall below the ceiling, and being excited independently.

Methods of sequestering toxin particulates are described herein. In a primary processing chamber, a carbon source of toxin particulates may be combined with plasma from three plasma torches to form a first fluid mixture and vitrified toxin residue. Each torch may have a working gas including oxygen gas, water vapor, and carbon dioxide gas. The vitrified toxin residue is removed. The first fluid mixture may be cooled in a first heat exchange device to form a second fluid mixture. The second fluid mixture may contact a wet scrubber. The final product from the wet scrubber may be used as a fuel product.

An exothermic reaction of hydrogen/deuterium loaded into a metal or alloy is triggered by controlling the frequency of a hydrogen/deuterium plasma in a reaction chamber. The plasma frequency is controlled by adjusting its electron density, which in turn is controlled by adjusting the pressure within the reaction chamber. An exothermic reaction is generated at certain discrete plasma frequencies, which correspond to the optical phonon modes of D-D, H-D, and HH bonds within the metal lattice. For example, in palladium metal, the frequencies are 8.5 THz, 15 THz, and 20 THz, respectively.

A non-thermal plasma is generated to selectively convert a precursor to a product. More specifically, plasma forming material and a precursor material are provided to a reaction zone of a vessel. The reaction zone is exposed to microwave radiation, including exposing the plasma forming material and the precursor material to the microwave radiation. The exposure of the plasma forming material to the microwave radiation selectively converts the plasma forming material to a non-thermal plasma including formation of one or more streamers. The precursor material is mixed with the plasma forming material and the precursor material is exposed to the non-thermal plasma including exposing the precursor material to the one or more streamers. The exposure of the precursor material to the streamers and the microwave radiation selectively converts the precursor material to a product.

A device for preparing a high-temperature and active particle-containing steam. The device includes a steam generator including an inlet for introducing a plasma medium and an inlet for introducing a steam. In the steam generator, the steam is heated and activated by the plasma medium to form an active particle-containing steam which improves the gasification rate and efficiency in the gasification of coal, biomass, and garbage.

A plasma reactor enclosure has a metallic portion and a dielectric portion of plural dielectric windows supported on the metallic portion, each of the dielectric windows extending around an axis of symmetry. Plural concentric coil antennas are disposed on an external side of the enclosure, respective ones of the coil antennas facing respective ones of the dielectric windows.

The invention relates to a process for preparing dimeric and/or trimeric silanes by conversion of monosilane in a plasma and to a plant for performance of the process.

Systems and methods for producing nitrates, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof are disclosed. The systems may include a feed conduit configured for receiving a feed stream comprising molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen; an inlet conduit configured for receiving an inlet stream; a plasma reactor fluidically coupled to the inlet conduit, the plasma reactor fluidically coupled to a reactor-outlet conduit configured for receiving the reactor-outlet stream, the plasma reactor configured to produce oxidized nitrogen species; and an absorber fluidically coupled to the reactor-outlet conduit, the absorber configured to receive the reactor outlet stream and to produce nitrates, nitrites, nitric acid, salts thereof, or a mixture thereof from the reactor outlet stream. A recycle conduit may be fluidically coupled to the absorber and the inlet conduit, wherein the recycle conduit is configured to receive the gas-phase stream from the absorber and provide the gas-phase stream to the inlet conduit.

A plasma reactor has an overhead multiple coil inductive plasma source with symmetric RF feeds and a symmetrical chamber exhaust with plural struts through the exhaust region providing access to a confined workpiece support. A grid may be included for masking spatial effects of the struts from the processing region.

A plasma reactor enclosure has a metallic portion and a dielectric portion of plural dielectric windows supported on the metallic portion, each of the dielectric windows extending around an axis of symmetry. Plural concentric coil antennas are disposed on an external side of the enclosure, respective ones of the coil antennas facing respective ones of the dielectric windows.