The monitoring and control of bioprocesses is provided. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to formulating buffer products from multiple buffer solutions for feeding the different operations occurring within a bioprocess line. As the buffer product is being formulated, the buffer product is tested for conductivity, refractive index, and optionally pH. The conductivity measurements are used in conjunction with refractive index measurements to ensure that the buffer product not only has the correct concentration of ions but also has the correct concentration of components. A controller can be used to make automatic adjustments to the buffer product should any of the measured parameters fall outside a preset range.

Provided is a method for producing stannous oxide, comprising a step of subjecting stannous sulfate to neutralization in an aqueous solution using ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate, and thereby precipitating stannous oxide. This production method is a novel means for producing stannous oxide in which chlorine, sulfur, sodium, and potassium are sufficiently reduced, and which has excellent solubility.

Described are devices for and methods of modulating a fluid sample. The devices (10, 40, 60, 80, 100, 130, 160, 220) include at least one sample-modulating component (20, 76, 78, 90, 110, 112, 116, 150, 152, 154, 162, 164, 182, 184, 186, 222, and 230) and, in some embodiments, two or more sample-modulating components. The sample-modulating components are each capable of performing a function selected from the following group: concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample; diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample; desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity; adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range; absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances; and delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample.

The invention relates to a processing device in the form of a crystallizer or reactor comprising a tube, at the opposite end regions of which an inlet and an outlet are provided for a crystallization or reaction medium. A helixical web is provided which runs about a longitudinal axis of the tube and which rests against the inner face of the tube casing, and the web is mounted so as to be rotatable about the aforementioned longitudinal axis of the tube. The device also has a drive for rotating the web.

The present invention generally relates to methods and systems for carrying out a pH-influenced chemical and/or biological reaction. In some embodiments, the pH-influenced reaction involves the conversion of CO.sub.2 to a dissolved species.

There is described a portable reactor system and computer program product. The system allows an operator to remotely monitor and control the chemical processes of a laboratory reactor on an interface device such as a tablet, remote computer or smart phone. At any time, live video of the reactor can be viewed. The temperature of the reactor, temperature of a bath surrounding the reactor, agitator speed of the blade or impeller in the reactor, conductivity of the reactor contents and pH of the reactor contents can be remotely controlled and monitored.

The invention relates to a method and an assembly for recovering magnesium ammonium phosphate from slurry supplied to a reaction container (10) in which an aerobic milieu that is alkaline as a result of CO.sub.2-stripping is present and in which the slurry is guided in a circuit with the aid of ventilation. Cationic magnesium, such as magnesium chloride, is added to the slurry, and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals which are crystallized out of the slurry are removed via a removal device (30) provided in the base region of the reaction container. The slurry is supplied from the first reaction container (10) to a second reaction container (12) via a first line (14), wherein an anaerobic milieu is set in the second reaction container in order to redissolve the phosphate, and MAP crystals crystallized in the second reaction container are supplied to the first reaction container.

A device for removing iron from a nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfuric acid solution and a method for continuously removing iron ions from a nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfuric acid solution. The device has an iron removal reactor (2) having a stirrer (3) and an iron removal reactor inner cylinder (5) and an aging reactor (9) having an aging reactor stirrer (7) and an automatic stone powder feeder (8), a mixing feed pipe (12) and a carbonate solution feed pipe (4) are arranged in an interlayer between the iron removal reactor (2) and the iron removal reactor inner cylinder (5), a mixer (1) for a preheating the device is arranged at a top of the mixing feed pipe (12), a compressed air inlet (11) and a feed inlet (10) of a solution to be subjected to iron removal are arranged in the mixer (1). Further disclosed is a method for removing iron of the device.

A system for making and using a ground product that includes one or more of: a reactor operated to react a guar split with a reagent at a reaction temperature in a range of 120 F. to 180 F. to form a guar derivative, and a treatment and transfer section for optionally treating the guar derivative and transferring the guar derivative to a co-grinder. The co-grinder is operably associated with a heated vacuum system and is operated to co-grind an acid with the guar derivative to form a ground product.

The monitoring and control of bioprocesses is provided. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to formulating buffer products from multiple buffer solutions for feeding the different operations occurring within a bioprocess line. As the buffer product is being formulated, the buffer product is tested for conductivity, refractive index, and optionally pH. The conductivity measurements are used in conjunction with refractive index measurements to ensure that the buffer product not only has the correct concentration of ions but also has the correct concentration of components. A controller can be used to make automatic adjustments to the buffer product should any of the measured parameters fall outside a preset range.