According to one or more embodiments, non-agglomerated, nano-sized ZSM-22 zeolites may be synthesized by methods comprising operating a mechanical rotation drum unit at a first temperature of from 40° C. to 60° C. and a first speed of from 200 rpm to 1000 rpm for a first time period of from 1.3 hours to 2.7 hours; operating the mechanical rotation drum unit at a second speed of from 30 rpm to 90 rpm for a second time period of from 0.05 hours to 0.4 hours; heating the mechanical rotation drum unit at a ramping temperature of from 8° C./minute to 12° C./minute to a second temperature of from 115° C. to 185° C. at the second speed; operating the mechanical rotation drum unit at the second temperature and the second speed for a third time period of from 30 hours to 90 hours; and cooling the mechanical rotation drum unit at a fourth speed of 0 rpm.

A process for producing nanoparticles of a substance, including in a first chamber, forming a dispersion of a substance in a fluid and bringing the fluid into a supercritical state; passing the dispersion from the first chamber through a cooling device or into a cooling zone in a second chamber, wherein the cooling device or cooling zone configured to reduce temperature of the dispersion below a temperature at which the fluid forms solid particles such that nanoparticles of the substance are formed, wherein the second chamber comprises a surface configured to receive the solid particles of the fluid and the nanoparticles of the substance; allowing pressure to decrease and/or temperature to increase in the second chamber to transform the solid particles into a gaseous state, removing the fluid in the gaseous state and with the nanoparticles remaining on the surface; and collecting the nanoparticles from the surface.

A process for producing nanoparticles of a substance, including in a first chamber, forming a dispersion of a substance in a fluid and bringing the fluid into a supercritical state; passing the dispersion from the first chamber through a cooling device or into a cooling zone in a second chamber, wherein the cooling device or cooling zone configured to reduce temperature of the dispersion below a temperature at which the fluid forms solid particles such that nanoparticles of the substance are formed, wherein the second chamber comprises a surface configured to receive the solid particles of the fluid and the nanoparticles of the substance; allowing pressure to decrease and/or temperature to increase in the second chamber to transform the solid particles into a gaseous state, removing the fluid in the gaseous state and with the nanoparticles remaining on the surface; and collecting the nanoparticles from the surface.

Methods and devices and aspects thereof for generating power using PEM fuel cell power systems comprising a rotary bed (or rotatable) reactor for hydrogen generation are disclosed. Hydrogen is generated by the hydrolysis of fuels such as lithium aluminum hydride and mixtures thereof. Water required for hydrolysis may be captured from the fuel cell exhaust. Water is preferably fed to the reactor in the form of a mist generated by an atomizer. An exemplary 750 We-h, 400 We PEM fuel cell power system may be characterized by a specific energy of about 550 We-h/kg and a specific power of about 290 We/kg. Turbidity fixtures within the reactor increase turbidity of fuel pellets within the reactor and improve the energy density of the system.

Methods and devices and aspects thereof for generating power using PEM fuel cell power systems comprising a rotary bed (or rotatable) reactor for hydrogen generation are disclosed. Hydrogen is generated by the hydrolysis of fuels such as lithium aluminum hydride and mixtures thereof. Water required for hydrolysis may be captured from the fuel cell exhaust. Water is preferably fed to the reactor in the form of a mist generated by an atomizer. An exemplary 750 We-h, 400 We PEM fuel cell power system may be characterized by a specific energy of about 550 We-h/kg and a specific power of about 290 We/kg. Turbidity fixtures within the reactor increase turbidity of fuel pellets within the reactor and improve the energy density of the system.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a transition metal lithium oxide, comprising steps of: A) mixing a lithium salt and a transition metal compound, and performing a pretreatment to obtain a precursor; wherein the pretreatment temperature is 100-300° C.; and the pretreatment time is 1-10 h; B) precalcining the precursor to obtain an intermediate; and C) continuously feeding the intermediate into a feed port of a moving bed reactor, and calcining, to obtain a transition metal lithium oxide. In the present disclosure, a pretreatment process is performed before the precalcination, and the pretreatment temperature and time are further limited, thereby solving the problem of material hardening during the calcination process of battery materials. In conjunction with using a moving bed reactor, the gas phase and the solid phase are sufficiently contacted, and at the same time the thickness of the filler is increased, the productivity is enhanced and the oxygen consumption is largely decreased at the same time. The present disclosure further provides an apparatus for preparing a transition metal lithium oxide.

The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes: injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace; reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; and converting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound, thereby exhibiting excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide.

The method for recycling carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes: injecting a reaction gas containing carbon dioxide and a carbon raw material into a rotary heating furnace; reacting the reaction gas and the carbon raw material with each other in the rotary heating furnace to generate a hydrocarbon precursor containing carbon monoxide; and converting the hydrocarbon precursor into a hydrocarbon compound, thereby exhibiting excellent conversion rate of carbon dioxide.