The invention relates to a new dialkyl tin oxide catalyst composition and its use for the synthesis of amino alkyl (meth)acrylates by transesterification from an alkyl (meth)acrylates and an amino alcohol, and especially 2-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate.

The invention also relates to polymers made with quaternized amino alkyl (meth)acrylates and use of said polymers in water treatment, sludge dewatering, papermaking process, agriculture, cosmetic and detergency composition, textile process, oil and gas recovery process such as enhanced oil recovery, fracturing, mining operation such as tailings treatment.

The invention relates to a new dialkyl tin oxide catalyst composition and its use for the synthesis of amino alkyl (meth)acrylates by transesterification from an alkyl (meth)acrylates and an amino alcohol, and especially 2-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate.

The invention also relates to polymers made with quaternized amino alkyl (meth)acrylates and use of said polymers in water treatment, sludge dewatering, papermaking process, agriculture, cosmetic and detergency composition, textile process, oil and gas recovery process such as enhanced oil recovery, fracturing, mining operation such as tailings treatment.

Method and device for the preparation of monophasic powders of actinide salts which are precursors in the production of fuel pellets. In one aspect, a compact and simple device is provided to obtain dry monophasic powders of actinide salts in one stage, while increasing the productivity, chemical and nuclear safety of the process. In a second aspect, the method comprises feeding of nitric actinides-containing solution and formic acid to a cylindrical healed reactor, grinding the resulting powder, and disc hanging the powder. The nitric actinides-containing solution and formic acid are continuously metered to the upper zone of the reactor so that the reactive chemicals are mixed in a thin film on the heat-exchange surface, where the reaction mixture is continuously stirred by rotor blades. Also occurring are the processes of denitration, formation of the relevant compounds, their drying and grinding and collecting dry salts of actinides in a hopper by gravity.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for processing a powder alloy to improve its microstructure. The methods for processing the powder alloy can include introducing the powder alloy into a powder vessel having an inert atmosphere, uniformly heat treating the powder alloy inside the powder vessel at its solutionizing temperature, and cooling the heat treated powder alloy at a rate of at least 5° C./s to form treated particles. The treated particles obtained from the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein can be used in any suitable manufacturing process, such as in cold gas dynamic spray.

The invention relates to a reactor arrangement and to a method for decomposing objects of plastic-based composite materials into their individual constituents by way of a solvolysis using at least one reactor chamber in which the objects as exposed to a solvent in the supercritical state. The invention is characterized in that at least three pressure chambers located in series, a first load lock chamber, a reactor chamber adjoining the same, and a second load lock chamber adjoining the latter, which are each connected to each other via an actuatable partition which can be moved from an open position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are connected to each other, to a closed position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are fluidically, thermally and pressure-specifically isolated from each other. The reactor chamber is thermally coupled to a heating system and can be directly or indirectly fluidically connected via at least one first line to the first load lock chamber and can be connected to a first pressurizable feed line, via which solvent can be fed the reactor chamber.

The invention relates to a reactor arrangement and to a method for decomposing objects of plastic-based composite materials into their individual constituents by way of a solvolysis using at least one reactor chamber in which the objects as exposed to a solvent in the supercritical state. The invention is characterized in that at least three pressure chambers located in series, a first load lock chamber, a reactor chamber adjoining the same, and a second load lock chamber adjoining the latter, which are each connected to each other via an actuatable partition which can be moved from an open position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are connected to each other, to a closed position, in which two of the mutually adjacent pressure chambers are fluidically, thermally and pressure-specifically isolated from each other. The reactor chamber is thermally coupled to a heating system and can be directly or indirectly fluidically connected via at least one first line to the first load lock chamber and can be connected to a first pressurizable feed line, via which solvent can be fed the reactor chamber.

A barrel reactor (100) comprises a rotatable barrel (102); a first roller (110) located outside of the barrel (102) and arranged to facilitate rotation of the barrel, wherein the roller (110) comprises at least part of a first electrode; and a second electrode (120). A plasma is formed between the electrodes (110, 120). The second electrode (120) may also comprise a roller and the barrel (102) may be mounted on the rollers (110, 120). The spacing between, or positions of, the electrodes (110, 120) may be adjusted so as to accommodate different barrels (102) and/or to change the plasma distribution within the barrel (102).

A barrel reactor (100) comprises a rotatable barrel (102); a first roller (110) located outside of the barrel (102) and arranged to facilitate rotation of the barrel, wherein the roller (110) comprises at least part of a first electrode; and a second electrode (120). A plasma is formed between the electrodes (110, 120). The second electrode (120) may also comprise a roller and the barrel (102) may be mounted on the rollers (110, 120). The spacing between, or positions of, the electrodes (110, 120) may be adjusted so as to accommodate different barrels (102) and/or to change the plasma distribution within the barrel (102).

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for providing asymmetric oscillations to a container. The container may include a fluid, a particle, and/or a gas. A vibration driver attached to the container provides asymmetric oscillations. A controller connected to the vibration driver controls an amplitude, frequency, and shape of the asymmetric oscillations. An amplifier amplifies the asymmetric oscillations in response to the controller. A sensor disposed on the vibration driver provides feedback to the controller.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a chemical reaction which creates a product, wherein at least one reactant that is present in a liquid phase is subjected to a pressure change.