The disclosure provides for zirconium terephthalate-based metal organic frameworks with open metal sites, and uses thereof.

A process for separating one or more one-ring cycloparaffins and one or more multi-ring cycloparaffins from a hydrocarbon mixture is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of providing the hydrocarbon mixture; and contacting the hydrocarbon mixture with an adsorbent material comprising a metal organic framework to separate the one or more one-ring cycloparaffins and the one or more multi-ring cycloparaffins from the hydrocarbon mixture. The process is conducted in a liquid phase.

Disclosed are an alkyl-linked porous porphyrin polymer and gas separation and valuable metal recovery using the same, and more particularly an alkyl-linked porous porphyrin polymer imparted with a large surface area and high microporosity by linking a porphyrin unit with a chlorinated solvent linker, thereby exhibiting excellent adsorption selectivity for valuable metal to thus enable recovery of valuable metal, and also manifesting high performance in a selective gas separation method, and a method of separating gas and a method of recovering valuable metal using the same.

To provide a carbon dioxide separation composition which is excellent in carbon dioxide desorption efficiency (desorption amount/absorption amount) and durability to nitrogen oxides, and a method for separating carbon dioxide.

A carbon dioxide separation composition, containing at least one amine compound selected from the group consisting of an amine compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, and an amine compound represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00002## wherein R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group or a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group, a and b are each independently 0 or 1 and satisfy the relation a+b=1, and R.sup.15 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethoxymethyl group or a 2-hydroxyethyl group.

To provide a carbon dioxide separation composition which is excellent in carbon dioxide desorption efficiency (desorption amount/absorption amount) and durability to nitrogen oxides, and a method for separating carbon dioxide.

A carbon dioxide separation composition, containing at least one amine compound selected from the group consisting of an amine compound represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, and an amine compound represented by the following formula (2):

##STR00002## wherein R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group or a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group, a and b are each independently 0 or 1 and satisfy the relation a+b=1, and R.sup.15 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethoxymethyl group or a 2-hydroxyethyl group.

Provided is a technique capable of efficiently removing nitrogen contained in water to be treated and efficiently recovering microplastics from the water to be treated. An aspect of the present invention is a water treatment system 10 including an aquaculture tank 20 and a water treatment tank 30. Aquatic organisms are cultivated in the aquaculture tank 20. In the water treatment tank 30, algae having a microplastic adsorption and recovery ability grow in the water to be treated introduced from the aquaculture tank 20. The microplastics contained in the water to be treated are recovered, and the nitrogen compounds contained in the water to be treated are removed, by the algae.

A method of producing an ultraporous mesostructured nanoparticle suitable for uptake by a plant and with increased affinity to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances includes modifying the ultraporous mesostructured nanoparticle with 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy).sub.9-12propyl]trimethyoxysilane, chlorotrimethylsilane, (a-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane or N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine.

A method of producing an ultraporous mesostructured nanoparticle suitable for uptake by a plant and with increased affinity to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances includes modifying the ultraporous mesostructured nanoparticle with 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy).sub.9-12propyl]trimethyoxysilane, chlorotrimethylsilane, (a-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane or N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine.

Disclosed are layered ferric rust and iron hydroxide nanoparticles including the same, wherein the layered ferric rust has a novel crystal structure that satisfies conditions (a) to (c) below: (a) a crystal system belongs to a monoclinic system; (b) a space group belongs to Pn (No. 7); and (c) unit cell parameters are a = 3.854 ± 0.002 Å, b = 11.491 ± 0.007 Å, c = 9.818 ± 0.004 Å, and β = 88.47 ± 0.005° (b is the distance between layers in the [010] axial direction).

Methods of increasing soil water content are described. The methods may include applying a soil enhancement agent to the soil, where the soil enhancement agent includes one or both of (i) lactobionic acid and (ii) at least one salt of lactobionic acid. Treated soils with increased soil water content are also described. The treated soils may include a soil enhancement agent absorbed into the soil. The soil enhancement agent may include at least one salt of a lactobionic acid. Cations from the at least one salt of a lactobionic acid may aggregate at least a portion of the particles in the soil.