Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid material including manganese, the method including the following steps: a. bringing into contact an aqueous effluent including manganese, for example at least 5 mg/L, typically at least 5 to 50 mg/L, and preferably 7 to 25 mg/L of manganese, with an oxidizing agent, manganese, preferably at a temperature between 10° C. and 50° C., and obtaining an oxidized aqueous solution; b. adding a base to the oxidized aqueous solution obtained at the end of step a) until a pH of between 8 and 12, preferably greater than 9, and preferably from 9 to 10.5, and obtaining a solution including a precipitate; c. filtration of the solution obtained at the end of step b); and d. obtaining a solid material including manganese, and especially manganese (IV) and/or Mn (III).

A metal trap for an FCC catalyst include pre-formed microspheres impregnated with a salt of calcium and/or magnesium and an organic acid salt of a rare earth element.

A catalysator element comprising a mixed metal oxide compound for conversion of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x). Methods for the preparation of the present mixed metal oxide compound for use in the present catalysator element and to exhaust systems for a combustion engine comprising the present catalysator element for conversion of (NO.sub.x) in exhaust gasses. Specifically, a catalysator element for conversion of nitrogen oxides (NOx) comprises a solid support coated with a calcined mixed metal oxide hydrotalcite-like compound. The calcined mixed metal oxide hydrotalcite-like compound comprises at least one bivalent metal (M.sup.2+) and at least one trivalent metal (M.sup.3+).

A layered double hydroxide (LDH) material, methods for using the LDH material to catalyse the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a water-splitting process and methods for preparing the LDH material. The LDH material includes nickel, iron and chromium species and possesses a sheet-like morphology including at least one hole.

Disclosed are a layered magnesium manganese composite material for copper ion adsorption, a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises: (1) dissolving a soluble magnesium salt and a soluble manganese salt in water to obtain a compound solution of the magnesium salt and the manganese salt; (2) dissolving a soluble carbonate and a soluble hydroxide in water to obtain a compound solution of the carbonate and the hydroxide; (3) dropwise adding the compound solution of the magnesium salt and the manganese salt into the compound solution obtained in step (2), stirring a mixed solution and allowing the mixed solution to age, and subjecting an obtained precipitate to centrifugation, washing, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain the layered magnesium manganese composite material for copper ion adsorption. The composite material provided by the present invention is excellent in ability to fix Cu.sup.2+, and features high absorption efficiency, high adsorption speed and stability. The composite material not only can fix Cu.sup.2+ efficiently, but also has important environmental significance in treating antibiotics in the environment and achieving in-situ remediation of compound pollution of heavy metals and organic matters.

The invention includes a metal trapping additive that comprises calcium, boron and magnesia-alumina. The invention also includes a process for the catalytic cracking of feedstock comprising contacting the feedstock under catalytic cracking conditions with a FCC catalyst and the metal trapping additive.

An oxygen generator uses a composition for generating oxygen and an acidic compound, with the composition for generating oxygen including an oxygen source, an ionic liquid, a metal oxide compound and optionally a basic compound. The oxygen source is a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from −10° C. to +50° C., the metal oxide compound is an oxide of a single metal or of two or more different metals which are from groups 2 to 14 of the periodic table of the elements. There is also described a method for decelerating or stopping the oxygen production from an oxygen generating composition, and a device for generating oxygen in a controlled manner.

A process for producing a hydrogen-rich gas stream from a liquid hydrocarbon stream, the process comprising the steps of introducing the liquid hydrocarbon stream to a dual catalytic zone, the liquid hydrocarbon stream comprises liquid hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of liquid petroleum gas (LPG), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and combinations of the same, the dual catalytic zone comprises: a combustion zone comprising a seven component catalyst, and a steam reforming zone, the steam reforming zone comprising a steam reforming catalyst; introducing steam to the dual catalytic zone, introducing an oxygen-rich gas to the dual catalytic zone; contacting the liquid hydrocarbon stream, steam, and oxygen-rich gas with the seven component catalyst to produce a combustion zone fluid; and contacting the combustion zone fluid with the steam reforming catalyst to produce the hydrogen-rich gas stream, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas stream comprises hydrogen.

An oxygen generator has a composition for generating oxygen and a basic compound. The composition for generating oxygen includes an oxygen source, an ionic liquid, a metal salt, and an optional basic compound. The oxygen source is a peroxide compound, the ionic liquid is in the liquid state at least in a temperature range from −10° C. to +50° C., the metal salt has one single metal or two or more different metals, and an organic and/or an inorganic anion. There is also described a method for starting or accelerating the oxygen production of an oxygen generating composition, and a device for generating oxygen in a controlled manner.

A metal trap for an FCC catalyst include pre-formed microspheres impregnated with a salt of calcium and/or magnesium and an organic acid salt of a rare earth element.