Electrocatalysts composed of single atoms or metal clusters dispersed over porous carbon support were prepared by a lithium-melt method. The new catalysts demonstrated high selectivity, high Faradic efficiency and low overpotential toward to the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to chemicals.

Electrocatalysts composed of single atoms or metal clusters dispersed over porous carbon support were prepared by a lithium-melt method. The new catalysts demonstrated high selectivity, high Faradic efficiency and low overpotential toward to the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to chemicals.

The present invention relates to a composite metal oxide which comprises 80 to 97 wt %, in relation to the weight of the composite metal oxide, of one or more oxides of cerium and 3 to 20 wt %, in relation to the composite metal oxide of a metal oxide comprising tin oxide (SnO.sub.2) and lanthanum oxide (La.sub.2O.sub.3) and/or aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), a composite material for the storage of nitrogen oxides which comprises such composite metal oxide and palladium, as well as an exhaust gas system containing said composite material.

The present invention relates to a composite metal oxide which comprises 80 to 97 wt %, in relation to the weight of the composite metal oxide, of one or more oxides of cerium and 3 to 20 wt %, in relation to the composite metal oxide of a metal oxide comprising tin oxide (SnO.sub.2) and lanthanum oxide (La.sub.2O.sub.3) and/or aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), a composite material for the storage of nitrogen oxides which comprises such composite metal oxide and palladium, as well as an exhaust gas system containing said composite material.

Provided are a nitrogen-phosphorus-modified granular carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst, a preparation method thereof and the use thereof. The catalyst comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-modified carbon carrier and metal particles supported on the carbon carrier. The metal particles include first metal elementary substance particles, second metal elementary substance particles and bimetallic alloy phase particles. The percentage of the bimetallic alloy phase particles in the metal particles is ≥80%, and at least 90% of the alloy phase particles have a size of 1 nm to 20 nm. The catalyst has advantages such as a high proportion of alloy phase particles, a uniform particle size distribution, a high metal utilization rate, low costs, high stability and a high catalytic activity.

Provided are a nitrogen-phosphorus-modified granular carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst, a preparation method thereof and the use thereof. The catalyst comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-modified carbon carrier and metal particles supported on the carbon carrier. The metal particles include first metal elementary substance particles, second metal elementary substance particles and bimetallic alloy phase particles. The percentage of the bimetallic alloy phase particles in the metal particles is ≥80%, and at least 90% of the alloy phase particles have a size of 1 nm to 20 nm. The catalyst has advantages such as a high proportion of alloy phase particles, a uniform particle size distribution, a high metal utilization rate, low costs, high stability and a high catalytic activity.

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of a hydrocarbon-containing feed into a reaction zone. The feed can be contacted with a catalyst within the reaction zone to effect dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and/or dehydrocyclization of the feed to produce a coked catalyst and an effluent. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of an oxidant into the reaction zone. The oxidant can be contacted with the coked catalyst to effect combustion of the coke to produce a regenerated catalyst. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of a reducing gas into the reaction zone. The reduction gas can be contacted with the regenerated catalyst to produce a regenerated and reduced catalyst. The process can include introducing and contacting an additional quantity of the feed with the regenerated and reduced catalyst to produce a re-coked catalyst and additional first effluent.

Processes for upgrading a hydrocarbon. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of a hydrocarbon-containing feed into a reaction zone. The feed can be contacted with a catalyst within the reaction zone to effect dehydrogenation, dehydroaromatization, and/or dehydrocyclization of the feed to produce a coked catalyst and an effluent. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of an oxidant into the reaction zone. The oxidant can be contacted with the coked catalyst to effect combustion of the coke to produce a regenerated catalyst. The process can include introducing, contacting, and halting introduction of a reducing gas into the reaction zone. The reduction gas can be contacted with the regenerated catalyst to produce a regenerated and reduced catalyst. The process can include introducing and contacting an additional quantity of the feed with the regenerated and reduced catalyst to produce a re-coked catalyst and additional first effluent.

Activated metal low temperature reaction processes and products are disclosed. A method for capturing a target element from a target source includes providing a matrix comprising an activated metal dispersed in a metal activating agent. The method also includes contacting the target source with the matrix. The target element is selected from the group consisting of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing. The target source comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of a target carbon compound, a target sulfur compound, a target nitrogen compound, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing.

Activated metal low temperature reaction processes and products are disclosed. A method for capturing a target element from a target source includes providing a matrix comprising an activated metal dispersed in a metal activating agent. The method also includes contacting the target source with the matrix. The target element is selected from the group consisting of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing. The target source comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of a target carbon compound, a target sulfur compound, a target nitrogen compound, and a combination of two or more of the foregoing.