Methods of sulfurizing metal containing particles in the absence of hydrogen are described. One method includes contacting a bed of metal containing particles with a gaseous stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and inert gas under reaction conditions sufficient to produce sulfided metal containing particles. The gaseous stream is introduced into a vertical reactor at an inlet positioned at the bottom portion of the reactor and any unreacted hydrogen sulfide and inert gas is removed at an outlet positioned above the inlet. The sulfided metal containing particles can be removed from the reactor and stored.

A method of forming a catalyst is provided herein. The method comprises combining a binder, a support, and an active metal to form a slurry composition. The method further comprises applying the slurry composition using an additive manufacturing process to form a green part. The method further comprises exposing the green part to heat at a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 150° C. to form the hardened part. The method further comprises applying a ceramic-based coating material to the hardened part to form the catalyst.

Provided is a functional structure which can suppress functional degradation of a functional material to achieve longer life, which can save resources without complicated replacement operations, and which, used for example as a catalyst, exhibits excellent catalytic activity. The functional structure includes supports each having a porous structure and including a zeolite-type compound, and at least one functional material present in the supports and including a metal element (M), in which each of the supports has channels communicating with one another, the functional material is present at least in the channel of each of the supports, and the metal element (M) having constituted the functional material is partially substituted with an element having constituted the supports.

The present invention provides a catalyst module for removing harmful gas, wherein an oxidation reaction or reduction reaction of harmful gas is carried out in a self-heating heating carrier. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst module for removing harmful gas comprises: a heating carrier composed of an electrically heatable heating body, including one or more flow channels inside, and having a porous structure with pores; and a catalyst region formed on at least a portion of the surface of the heating carrier including the flow channels and containing a catalyst material for promoting a decomposition reaction of harmful gas passing through the flow channels, wherein the catalyst region comprises: a first catalyst layer having a first catalyst material loading amount in the pores of the heating carrier; and a second catalyst layer applied on the inner surface of the heating carrier.

A composition that absorbs oxygen and emits carbon dioxide in response to absorbing oxygen including ascorbic acid, an organic acid, a catalyst that promotes oxidation of the organic acid and emission of carbon dioxide and a soluble transition metal salt characterized by multiple oxidation states.

A composition that absorbs oxygen and emits carbon dioxide in response to absorbing oxygen including ascorbic acid, an organic acid, a catalyst that promotes oxidation of the organic acid and emission of carbon dioxide and a soluble transition metal salt characterized by multiple oxidation states.

Ceramic compositions with catalytic activity are provided, along with methods for using such catalytic ceramic compositions. The ceramic compositions correspond to compositions that can acquire increased catalytic activity by cyclic exposure of the ceramic composition to reducing and oxidizing environments at a sufficiently elevated temperature. The ceramic compositions can be beneficial for use as catalysts in reaction environments involving swings of temperature and/or pressure conditions, such as a reverse flow reaction environment. Based on cyclic exposure to oxidizing and reducing conditions, the surface of the ceramic composition can be converted from a substantially fully oxidized state to various states including at least some dopant metal particles supported on a structural oxide surface.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid material including manganese, the method including the following steps: a. bringing into contact an aqueous effluent including manganese, for example at least 5 mg/L, typically at least 5 to 50 mg/L, and preferably 7 to 25 mg/L of manganese, with an oxidizing agent, manganese, preferably at a temperature between 10° C. and 50° C., and obtaining an oxidized aqueous solution; b. adding a base to the oxidized aqueous solution obtained at the end of step a) until a pH of between 8 and 12, preferably greater than 9, and preferably from 9 to 10.5, and obtaining a solution including a precipitate; c. filtration of the solution obtained at the end of step b); and d. obtaining a solid material including manganese, and especially manganese (IV) and/or Mn (III).

Disclosed is a method for preparing a solid material including manganese, the method including the following steps: a. bringing into contact an aqueous effluent including manganese, for example at least 5 mg/L, typically at least 5 to 50 mg/L, and preferably 7 to 25 mg/L of manganese, with an oxidizing agent, manganese, preferably at a temperature between 10° C. and 50° C., and obtaining an oxidized aqueous solution; b. adding a base to the oxidized aqueous solution obtained at the end of step a) until a pH of between 8 and 12, preferably greater than 9, and preferably from 9 to 10.5, and obtaining a solution including a precipitate; c. filtration of the solution obtained at the end of step b); and d. obtaining a solid material including manganese, and especially manganese (IV) and/or Mn (III).

A functional structure which can prevent metal fine particles from aggregating, can suppress bonding of an active metal species and a support, and can easily undergo catalyst activation before being used for reactions. The functional structure includes supports each having a porous structure and including a zeolite-type compound, and at least one functional material precursor present in the supports and including a metal element (M), in which each of the supports has channels communicating with one another, the functional material precursor is present at least in the channel of each of the supports, and the metal element (M) having constituted the functional material precursor is partially substituted with an element having constituted the supports.