The invention provides a method for synthesizing a mesoporous zeolite ETS-10 containing a metal without a templating agent. The method according to the invention comprises the steps of: mixing a silicon source with a NaOH solution to obtain a mixed solution so that the content of Na.sub.2O in the mixed solution is 10.0% to 20.0% by weight; adding a KOH or KF solution so that the content of K.sub.2O is 10.0% to 25.0% by weight and stirring it well; adding a titanium source solution and stirring it well; adding a precursor compound containing metal Ni and/or Co and stirring it well; and subjecting it to a crystallization reaction to obtain the mesoporous zeolite ETS-10. The mesoporous zeolite ETS-10 obtained by the invention has a specific surface area of 320 to 420 m.sup.2/g, a mesoporous volume of 0.11 to 0.21 cm.sup.3/g, and thus can be used as a catalyst and a support thereof in synthesis industry for macromolecular fine chemicals.

The invention relates to a method for optimizing layered catalytic processes. This is accomplished by testing various catalysts with a compound found in a feedstock to be tested, to determine the facility of the catalyst in hydrogenating, hydrosulfurizing, or hydrodenitrogenating the molecule, and hence the feedstock. In a preferred embodiment, the Double Bond Equivalence of the feedstock and molecule are determined, and catalysts are pre-selected based upon their known ability to work with materials of this DBE value. In preferred embodiments, the layered catalysts include a demetallization catalyst, used before hydrocracking. In additional preferred embodiments, the test feedstock contains 500 ppmw or less asphaltenes, preferably C.sub.5-asphaltenes.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to methods of producing ethylene and propylene by the catalytic steam cracking of naphtha using an HZSM-5 catalyst. An example method can include providing a naphtha feedstock, providing steam, and providing an HZSM-5 catalyst. The method can further include preparing the HZSM-5 catalyst by titanium modification or alkaline treatment, followed by phosphorus modification. The method can further include feeding the naphtha feedstock and steam to a reactor containing the catalyst and removing an effluent from the reactor having a combined yield of ethylene and propylene of greater than about 45 wt-%.

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to methods of producing ethylene and propylene by the catalytic steam cracking of naphtha using an HZSM-5 catalyst. An example method can include providing a naphtha feedstock, providing steam, and providing an HZSM-5 catalyst. The method can further include preparing the HZSM-5 catalyst by titanium modification or alkaline treatment, followed by phosphorus modification. The method can further include feeding the naphtha feedstock and steam to a reactor containing the catalyst and removing an effluent from the reactor having a combined yield of ethylene and propylene of greater than about 45 wt-%.

The present disclosure provides a sound absorbing material. The sound absorbing material comprises MFI-structural-type zeolite. The MFI-structural-type zeolite comprises a framework, and the framework comprises SiO.sub.2 and AlO.sub.3, and the mass ratio of Si to Al in the framework is less than 200 and not less than 50. The present disclosure also provides a speaker box applying the sound absorbing material. The sound absorbing material provided by the present disclosure and the speaker box using the sound absorbing material can further improve the performance of the speaker box, reduce the failure of zeolite and improve the performance stability of the speaker box.

The present disclosure provides a sound absorbing material. The sound absorbing material comprising a heteroatom zeolite molecular sieve comprising a framework and an extra-framework cation, the framework comprising SiO2 and a metal oxide MxOy comprising a metal element M, wherein the framework has a molar ratio of Si/M between 250 to 500, wherein the M includes Fe, and that the extra-framework cation is at least one of a monovalent copper ion, a monovalent silver ion, a monovalent gold ion, an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion. The sound absorbing material provided by the present disclosure, sound absorbing material to have better oxygen adsorption capacity, good waster repellency and stability. When such a sound absorbing material is applied to a speaker box, the speaker box will have better low frequency acoustic performance and better reliability.

Methods for producing lactams from oximes by performing a Beckmann rearrangement using a hierarchical porous aluminophosphate catalyst having interconnected microporous and mesoporous networks are provided. Exemplary catalysts include a plurality of weak Brnsted acid active sites, including silicon-containing aluminophosphates having the IZA framework code AFI, such as SAPO-5, CHA, such as SAPO-34, and FAU, such as SAPO-37.

Methods for producing lactams from oximes by performing a Beckmann rearrangement using a hierarchical porous aluminophosphate catalyst having interconnected microporous and mesoporous networks are provided. Exemplary catalysts include a plurality of weak Brnsted acid active sites, including silicon-containing aluminophosphates having the IZA framework code AFI, such as SAPO-5, CHA, such as SAPO-34, and FAU, such as SAPO-37.

In one example, a method for converting a first compound into a second compound is provided. The method includes providing the first compound in an entrance of a flow through reactor, wherein the entrance comprises a first catalyst and an oxidant, converting the first compound and the oxidant into the second compound as the first compound and the oxidant contact the first catalyst in the entrance of the flow through reactor while moving towards a tail end of the flow through reactor, and converting the first compound and the oxidant into the second compound via a solid catalyst comprising a white crystalline solid with a titanium content of about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent (wt %) in the tail end of the flow through reactor.

In one example, a method for converting a first compound into a second compound is provided. The method includes providing the first compound in an entrance of a flow through reactor, wherein the entrance comprises a first catalyst and an oxidant, converting the first compound and the oxidant into the second compound as the first compound and the oxidant contact the first catalyst in the entrance of the flow through reactor while moving towards a tail end of the flow through reactor, and converting the first compound and the oxidant into the second compound via a solid catalyst comprising a white crystalline solid with a titanium content of about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent (wt %) in the tail end of the flow through reactor.