Porous, extruded titania-based materials further comprising one or more acids and/or prepared using one or more acids, Fischer-tropsch catalysts comprising them, uses of the foregoing, processes for making and using the same and products obtained from such processes.

Disclosed is a supported catalyst for the preparation of vinyl acetate monomer, a process for preparing the supported catalyst in tablet or pellet form, and a catalytic process for the manufacturing vinyl acetate using the supported catalyst. Specifically, it is shown that catalyst performance shows a strong dependence on the crush strength of the tableted or pelletized alumina support used in the process to make the catalyst, and that the crush strength of the catalyst is closely related to the porosity of the support. Catalyst activity and selectivity can be enhanced by tailoring the crush strength of the support.

A method of producing a catalyst comprises generating an aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles, heating a catalytically active compound precursor to produce a catalytically active compound precursor vapor, contacting the aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles with the catalytically active compound precursor vapor, and condensing the catalytically active compound precursor onto the catalyst support particles to produce the catalyst comprising catalytically active compound deposited on surfaces of the catalyst support particles. The method may further comprise aerosolizing a catalyst support precursor mixture, drying the aerosolized catalyst support precursor mixture in a first heating zone to form an aerosolized flow of catalyst support particles, and contacting the catalyst support particles with a catalytically active compound precursor vapor in a second heating zone to form the catalyst comprising the layer of the catalytically active compound deposited on surfaces of the catalyst of catalyst support particles.

An aromatic nitro compound has a structure in which a nitro group and a halogen atom, in a separated state, are directly bonded as substituents to the ring structure of the same ring; a reaction composition is provided which, in a hydrogenation reaction of the nitro group of said aromatic nitro compound, allows selectively hydrogenating the nitro group, and sufficiently reducing the separation of the halogen atom from the ring; also provided is a reaction system that uses this reaction composition. This reaction composition includes a solvent, and a catalyst which, with the aforementioned aromatic nitro compound as reactant, is used in a hydrogenation reaction of at least one of the one or more nitro groups of said reactant. The catalyst includes a carrier, and Fe oxide particles and Pt particles supported by the carrier.

A novel catalyst and process for producing a mixed oxide material containing molybdenum, vanadium, tellurium and niobium is disclosed. The material can be used as a catalyst for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene or the oxidation of propane to acrylic acid.

A porous ceramic structure with low pressure loss and high catalytic performance is provided. The porous ceramic structure includes a porous structure body (i.e., honeycomb structure) composed primarily of cordierite, and manganese (Mn) and tungsten (W) that are fixedly attached to the honeycomb structure. Thus, pressure loss in the porous ceramic structure can be reduced, and an NO combustion temperature in the porous ceramic structure can be lowered. In other words, the aforementioned structure of the porous ceramic structure allows the porous ceramic structure to have low pressure loss and high catalytic performance.

Water purification particles have porous particles and photocatalyst particles formed of titanium-based compound particles that are supported on the porous particles, have absorption at a wavelength of 500 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and have an absorption peak at 2,700 cm.sup.1 to 3,000 cm.sup.1 in an infrared absorption spectrum, and a metal compound having a metal atom and a hydrocarbon group is bonded to the surface of each of the titanium-based compound particles through an oxygen atom.

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

A catalyst obtainable by exsolving particles of Ni, Co and/or a mixture of Ni and Co from a perovskite metal oxide of formula (I) (M.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.b)(CO.sub.xNi.sub.yM.sup.3.sub.z)O.sub.3, wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are each independently an alkali earth metal or a rare earth metal, M.sup.3 is Ti or Cr, 0a1, 0b1, 0<a+b1, 0x<1, 0y<1, 0z<1, x+y+z=1 and where at least one of x and y>0. The invention includes methods of converting this catalyst into one or more catalytically active forms. The catalysts and the activated forms of same are useful in the catalysing CO oxidation and/or NO oxidation.

Provided is a hydrogenation method of a phthalate compound. According to the present invention, in the hydrogenation reaction, generation of by-products is suppressed, and thus catalytic activity is improved and life-time is extended, thereby increasing efficiency of a commercial process and economic efficiency. Further, since the hydrogenation product prepared by the present invention has high purity and a low acid value, its quality as a plasticizer is excellent, thereby being applied to a variety of products.