Embodiments of catalyst systems and methods of synthesizing catalyst systems are provided. The catalyst system may include a core comprising a zeolite; and a shell comprising a microporous fibrous silica. The shell may be in direct contact with at least a majority of an outer surface of the core. The catalyst system may have a Si/Al molar ratio greater than 5. At least a portion of the shell may have a thickness of from 50 nanometers (nm) to 600 nm.

The invention relates to a mixed oxide composed of zirconium, cerium, lanthanum and at least one rare earth oxide other than cerium and lanthanum, having a specific porosity and a high specific surface area; to the method for preparing same and to the use thereof in catalysis.

A lanthanum molybdenum composite oxide is provided. The lanthanum molybdenum composite oxide has a primary crystal phase formed of La.sub.2Mo.sub.2O.sub.9. The lanthanum molybdenum composite oxide also has a secondary crystal phase formed of a lanthanum molybdenum composite oxide species other than La.sub.2Mo.sub.2O.sub.9. The secondary crystal phase may contain at least one species selected from a group consisting of La.sub.2Mo.sub.3O.sub.12, La.sub.6MoO.sub.12, La.sub.7Mo.sub.7O.sub.30, La.sub.2Mo.sub.4O.sub.15, La.sub.2MoO.sub.6, La.sub.4MoO.sub.9, and LaMo.sub.2O.sub.5.

A catalyst-containing material includes a refractory matrix and particles of one or more catalytic metal elements or catalytic oxides. The particles are dispersed through, and embedded in, the refractory matrix.

This disclosure relates to red mud compositions. This disclosure also relates to methods of making red mud compositions. This disclosure additionally relates to methods of using red mud compositions.

A carbon-based solid acid catalyst, a preparation method of the catalyst, and a method to use the catalyst for hydrothermal conversion of biomass are provided. The preparation method of the carbon-based solid acid catalyst includes the following steps: S1. mixing pectin with water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid for activation, and adding a resulting mixture to an ionic resin with an aromatic ring matrix; S2. drying a material obtained in S1, crushing a dried material into a powder, and subjecting the powder to pyrolysis in a dry inert gas; S3. subjecting a solid obtained after the pyrolysis to sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid; S4. diluting a material obtained in S3 with water, filtering a resulting mixture, and washing a resulting filter residue with water until no sulfate ions are detected in washing water; S5. drying the filter residue.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a MXene nanodot core-carbon shell multifunctional catalyst including a MXene nanodot core and a carbon shell surrounding the MXene nanodot core. By introducing the carbon shell surrounding the nanodot core, the stability of the catalyst is ensured, thereby providing effects in that the catalyst may function under various conditions.

A method for enhancing degradation of ester volatile organic compounds with a cerium oxide supported palladium single atom catalyst under low-temperature microwave comprises the steps of firstly preparing a single atom catalyst Pd/CeO.sub.2, adding the catalyst Pd/CeO.sub.2 into a reaction cavity, initiating microwave radiation to enhance the catalysis reaction, and quickly introducing an ester compound with a concentration of 50˜5000 mg/m.sup.3 and a space velocity of 2000˜100000 h.sup.−1 into the reaction cavity from a vapor phase sampling port to react when the reaction temperature is 10˜80° C. A catalyst packed column is provided in the reaction cavity, the vapor phase sampling port is defined at the bottom of the reaction cavity, and an exhaust port is defined at the top of the cavity. The microwave method can enhance and activate active sites, prevent the aging of active sites, and enable the chemical reaction rate to be increased by more than 17.9%.

In a method, device, catalyst and a method for producing a catalyst for the catalytic conversion of a substance mixture containing glycerol to propanol in a fixed-bed reactor, substrates of the catalyst have inorganic materials and/or metal oxides. The substrates have a pore diameter at the surface of between 10 and 25 angstroms, preferably between 12 and 20 angstroms, particularly preferably 15 angstroms.

Incorporating a bimetal to a lamellar MFI zeolite structure includes providing a bimetallic-incorporated lamellar zeolite catalyst including a sodium source, aluminum source, silicon source, surfactant, sulfuric acid, deionized water, metal source, and molecular template; dissolving the sodium source in the deionized water creating a basic solution; adding the sulfuric acid, aluminum source, molecular template, and silicon source to the basic solution creating a mixture and adding the metal source to the mixture; dissolving the surfactant in the deionized water creating a surfactant solution; combining the surfactant solution and basic solution; heating the combined surfactant solution and basic solution in a rotating autoclave creating a metal-containing zeolite including the surfactant and molecular template in a structure of the metal-containing zeolite; removing a synthesized zeolite from the autoclave; drying the synthesized zeolite and creating a dry zeolite powder; calcining the dry zeolite powder creating a bimetal-containing lamellar MFI zeolite for chemical activation.