The present disclosure relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

A swirler includes a base and one or more fins coupled to the base. The swirler also includes a distribution member configured to divert or guide fluid. In some implementations, the distribution member includes an annular member coupled to the base and positioned at least partially around the longitudinal axis. The swirler may be included in an adsorption column.

A swirler includes a base and one or more fins coupled to the base. The swirler also includes a distribution member configured to divert or guide fluid. In some implementations, the distribution member includes an annular member coupled to the base and positioned at least partially around the longitudinal axis. The swirler may be included in an adsorption column.

A system and method configured to restore ion exchange kinetic properties and purify resin is described. Degraded ion exchange kinetic properties of anion resin will eventually result in impurity slippage through resin charges. This system and method employs an acid catalyst in combination with sulfite cleaning solution to remove organic material and to protonate iron oxides for deconstruction and removal from anion resins. The cleaning solution, when applied via a cleaning vessel utilizing an eductor(s)/plenum and wedge-wire screen draw chamber, while controlling all phases of cleaning by electronic monitoring, yields complete restoration of ion exchange kinetics on usable resin. As such, the system and method provides a safe, effective, and vastly improved method for restoring anion resin kinetics and improving regeneration quality, for improved resin performance and minimizing resin replacement costs.

A system and method configured to restore ion exchange kinetic properties and purify resin is described. Degraded ion exchange kinetic properties of anion resin will eventually result in impurity slippage through resin charges. This system and method employs an acid catalyst in combination with sulfite cleaning solution to remove organic material and to protonate iron oxides for deconstruction and removal from anion resins. The cleaning solution, when applied via a cleaning vessel utilizing an eductor(s)/plenum and wedge-wire screen draw chamber, while controlling all phases of cleaning by electronic monitoring, yields complete restoration of ion exchange kinetics on usable resin. As such, the system and method provides a safe, effective, and vastly improved method for restoring anion resin kinetics and improving regeneration quality, for improved resin performance and minimizing resin replacement costs.

A water treatment method to generate potable water and a fertilization or fertigation product is provided. The method comprises the steps of: passing a raw water stream through an anion exchange resin (14a, 14b) to generate a potable water output; regenerating the anion exchange resin (14a, 14b) using a weak potassium chloride solution to generate a product output comprising potassium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, and preferably also potassium nitrate, suitable for use as or as a precursor to a liquid fertilization or fertigation product.

A water treatment method to generate potable water and a fertilization or fertigation product is provided. The method comprises the steps of: passing a raw water stream through an anion exchange resin (14a, 14b) to generate a potable water output; regenerating the anion exchange resin (14a, 14b) using a weak potassium chloride solution to generate a product output comprising potassium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, and preferably also potassium nitrate, suitable for use as or as a precursor to a liquid fertilization or fertigation product.

The invention relates to a method for treating sugar comprising: placing a coloured sugar juice in contact with an ion exchange resin so as to charge the resin with colouring agents and to collect a bleached sugar juice; regenerating the colouring-charged resin, comprising: placing the charged resin in contact with a regeneration brine comprising a chloride salt; and collecting a regeneration effluent, the regeneration effluent comprising at least three fractions A, B and C, fraction A having a higher concentration of chloride salt than fractions B and C; and recycling the regeneration effluent, comprising: nanofiltration of fraction A of the regeneration effluent in order to obtain a first permeate and a first retentate; diafiltration of the first retentate, said diafiltration comprising: dilution of the first retentate with the fraction B of the regeneration effluent; nanofiltration of the mixture in order to obtain a second permeate and a second retentate; mixing of the first permeate with the second permeate and fraction C of the regeneration effluent,

The invention relates to a method for treating sugar comprising: placing a coloured sugar juice in contact with an ion exchange resin so as to charge the resin with colouring agents and to collect a bleached sugar juice; regenerating the colouring-charged resin, comprising: placing the charged resin in contact with a regeneration brine comprising a chloride salt; and collecting a regeneration effluent, the regeneration effluent comprising at least three fractions A, B and C, fraction A having a higher concentration of chloride salt than fractions B and C; and recycling the regeneration effluent, comprising: nanofiltration of fraction A of the regeneration effluent in order to obtain a first permeate and a first retentate; diafiltration of the first retentate, said diafiltration comprising: dilution of the first retentate with the fraction B of the regeneration effluent; nanofiltration of the mixture in order to obtain a second permeate and a second retentate; mixing of the first permeate with the second permeate and fraction C of the regeneration effluent,

An apparatus for pretreating an ion exchange resin includes at least a stock solution tank for storing a non-aqueous solvent, an ion exchange resin container accommodating an ion exchange resin, and a moisture removal apparatus for removing moisture in the non-aqueous solvent, and at least one solution feed pipe selected from: a circulating solution feed pipe for returning, to the stock solution tank, the non-aqueous solvent that has passed through the ion exchange resin container and the moisture removal apparatus in this order from the stock solution tank; and a circulating solution feed pipe for returning, to the stock solution tank, the non-aqueous solvent that has passed through the moisture removal apparatus and the ion exchange resin container in this order from the stock solution tank.