A flow disrupter in a tube chamber of a tube assembly for homogenizing sample materials includes a flow-disrupting body that extends generally transversely into the tube chamber and divides the tube chamber into two sub-chambers. The flow-disrupting body includes at least one narrowed flow passageway through which the sample flows back and forth in both axially reciprocating directions as the tube assembly is vigorously shaken at high speeds faster and more reliably than what can be accomplished by hand shaking. And the flow-disrupting body includes at least two flow-interrupting surfaces facing generally in opposite axial directions and against which the sample impacts in each respective axially reciprocating direction as the tube assembly is vigorously shaken. In this way, the vigorous high-speed shaking of the tube assembly including the flow disrupter results in significant particle-size reduction of the sample by mechanical shear, fluid shear, cavitation, and/or pressure differentials.

A ring gear used in a mechanical exfoliation apparatus having a plurality of canisters to hold particulate material and media is provided. The ring gear having an inside surface, an outside surface, a front face, and a back face. The inside surface defining a plurality of beveled gear teeth and the outside surface defining a plurality of recesses that are configured to accommodate the plurality of canisters of the mechanical exfoliation apparatus.

A ring gear used in a mechanical exfoliation apparatus having a plurality of canisters to hold particulate material and media is provided. The ring gear having an inside surface, an outside surface, a front face, and a back face. The inside surface defining a plurality of beveled gear teeth and the outside surface defining a plurality of recesses that are configured to accommodate the plurality of canisters of the mechanical exfoliation apparatus.

The present invention relates to a solution to provide a conductive pigment paste that exhibits excellent pigment dispersibility and storage stability even as a paste with a high pigment concentration and/or high viscosity, and can be used to form a coating film excelling in conductivity and other properties. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a conductive pigment paste. The method includes dispersing a paste containing a pigment dispersion resin (A), a conductive pigment (B), and a solvent (C) using at least one type of disperser selected from the group consisting of a bead mill, a homogenizer, an ultrasonic disperser, a kneader, an extruder, and a planetary mixer. The pigment dispersion resin (A) includes at least one polar functional group selected from the group consisting of an amide group, an imide group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonate group, a phosphate group, a silanol group, and an amino group, and the concentration of the polar functional group in the pigment dispersion resin (A) is from 9 to 23 mmol/g. The conductive pigment (B) contains carbon nanotubes (B-1) and/or a conductive carbon (B-2) having an average primary particle size from 10 to 80 nm. A solubility parameter ?A of the pigment dispersion resin (A) and a solubility parameter ?C of the solvent (C) satisfy a relationship of |?A??C|<2.1.

A method for preparing nanometer MAX phase ceramic powder or slurry having a laminated structure by means of ball milling and regulating the oxygen content of the powder. Micron-sized MAX phase ceramic coarse powder is adopted as a raw material, during ball milling, a gas or a liquid-state gas having a special effect is introduced into a ball milling tank, and by means of multi-dimensional functions and regulation such as ball milling parameters and gas reaction, the nanometer laminated MAX phase ceramic powder or the slurry containing the component is obtained. The surface components and the activated state of the powder are regulated while the particle size adjustment control of the powder is realized.

A method for preparing nanometer MAX phase ceramic powder or slurry having a laminated structure by means of ball milling and regulating the oxygen content of the powder. Micron-sized MAX phase ceramic coarse powder is adopted as a raw material, during ball milling, a gas or a liquid-state gas having a special effect is introduced into a ball milling tank, and by means of multi-dimensional functions and regulation such as ball milling parameters and gas reaction, the nanometer laminated MAX phase ceramic powder or the slurry containing the component is obtained. The surface components and the activated state of the powder are regulated while the particle size adjustment control of the powder is realized.

A sonic reactor for transferring kinetic energy to a process fluid medium has a resonant element horizontally oriented and mounted to the two resonance units using two or more nodal support rings located at the nodal positions of the resonant element. The nodal support rings are adjustable in position relative to the resonant element and the resonance units to permit positioning of the rings directly at the nodal positions during operation. The sonic reactor has a grinding or mixing chamber mounted at one or both of the free ends of the resonant element. The sonic reactor is used for applications that include fly ash beneficiation, pulverization and dispersion; fine ore grinding; preparing ready mix cement formulations; oil sands cuttings for oil recovery; spilled oil, water and oily water storage treatment; organic and inorganic industrial wastewater treatment; environmental remediation of contaminated soils; sodium dispersion and destruction of PCBs; biosludge conditioning; cellulosic biofuels processing; lignin processing; dispersion and deagglomeration of pigments; and dye destruction.

A sonic reactor for transferring kinetic energy to a process fluid medium has a resonant element horizontally oriented and mounted to the two resonance units using two or more nodal support rings located at the nodal positions of the resonant element. The nodal support rings are adjustable in position relative to the resonant element and the resonance units to permit positioning of the rings directly at the nodal positions during operation. The sonic reactor has a grinding or mixing chamber mounted at one or both of the free ends of the resonant element. The sonic reactor is used for applications that include fly ash beneficiation, pulverization and dispersion; fine ore grinding; preparing ready mix cement formulations; oil sands cuttings for oil recovery; spilled oil, water and oily water storage treatment; organic and inorganic industrial wastewater treatment; environmental remediation of contaminated soils; sodium dispersion and destruction of PCBs; biosludge conditioning; cellulosic biofuels processing; lignin processing; dispersion and deagglomeration of pigments; and dye destruction.

A method and apparatus to reclaim metals from scrap material such as automobile shredder residue (ASR) that, after separating out light density components, separates out friable material such as rock and glass by crushing and screening operations to generate a high metal content product.

A ball mill system grinds, disperses, and reacts substances. A ball mill vessel houses grinding bodies (grinding/milling media) and the materials to be ground or dispersed. The ball milling vessel includes an assembly of three component parts with active structural roles to provide a tight and repeatable seal that allows physical, structural and chemical transformations of materials in the presence of a liquid or a gas, while at the same time enabling easy and effortless opening of the jar after ball milling. The ball milling vessel includes two peripheral half-vessels made of a harder material, connected by a central thick ring made of a softer material. The connecting ring provides an active structural role in the ball milling vessel, as it holds together the peripheral halves of the vessel, while at the same time ensuring a tight seal and protecting the joint where the two half-vessels join.