A method of pulverizing solid material for the purpose of extracting metals which may otherwise not be recoverable and/or cost prohibitive using conventional means and processes, said method comprising the steps of: using a gas to create a fluidized flow of previously crushed solid material; transporting the fluidized flow of solid material to an apparatus which induces a high velocity flow stream in a constricted low-pressure stream; causing a rapid acceleration on a rotational angle of the crushed solid material resulting in increased interparticle collisions and collection of solid particles; and ejecting the material at a high rate of speed from the apparatus to a focal point where the material is pulverized.

The present invention relates to a method of cleaning solids to be free of, or separating solids from, viscous materials and in some cases other solids such as, but not limited to resins and other coatings, foreign debris, clays, silts, contaminated water or chemicals and in other cases separating some liquids form some other liquids. Also disclosed are systems to accomplish such.

The invention relates to a spiral jet mill (1) having a grinding chamber (10), which is delimited by a bottom (11), a cover (12), and a wall (13) that connects the bottom (11) and the cover (12), and having a plurality of grinding gas nozzles (14) that pass through the wall (13) and are connected to a grinding gas source, wherein each of at least part of the grinding gas nozzles (14) is provided with an associated switchable shut-off mechanism (15), which is able to independently open and close the connection to the grinding gas source. In addition, a method for grinding milling materials in a spiral jet mill is also disclosed.

A system for micronization of solid particles using valvular conduit comprises includes one or more compressed gas lines provided with respective compressed gas inlet, one or more powder feeders, each of which are installed in a respective compressed gas lines. Furthermore, one or more valvular conduit modules are included, each of which are made of a series of valves connected via a common passage, and each valvular conduit module is connected downstream of the respective one or more powder feeders. Further, a cyclonic separator is connected with all the respective compressed gas lines connected with respective outlets of the respective one or more valvular conduit modules, and one or more particle size analysers in combination with one or more directional valves disposed on the compressed gas lines proximal to the outlets of the one or more valvular conduit modules.

A system for micronization of solid particles using valvular conduit comprises includes one or more compressed gas lines provided with respective compressed gas inlet, one or more powder feeders, each of which are installed in a respective compressed gas lines. Furthermore, one or more valvular conduit modules are included, each of which are made of a series of valves connected via a common passage, and each valvular conduit module is connected downstream of the respective one or more powder feeders. Further, a cyclonic separator is connected with all the respective compressed gas lines connected with respective outlets of the respective one or more valvular conduit modules, and one or more particle size analysers in combination with one or more directional valves disposed on the compressed gas lines proximal to the outlets of the one or more valvular conduit modules.

A jet mill device comprises a cavity chamber for pulverizing a material to be pulverized into a fine powder, an inner surface of the cavity chamber being formed of a material having a hardness higher than a hardness of the material to be pulverized, and an air flow generator for generating an air flow swirled in the cavity chamber. The material to be pulverized fed into the cavity chamber is swirled by the air flow generated by the air flow generator and collides with the inner surface of the cavity chamber, thereby the material to be pulverized is pulverized into the fine powder. Even highly hard materials can be pulverized.

A jet mill device comprises a cavity chamber for pulverizing a material to be pulverized into a fine powder, an inner surface of the cavity chamber being formed of a material having a hardness higher than a hardness of the material to be pulverized, and an air flow generator for generating an air flow swirled in the cavity chamber. The material to be pulverized fed into the cavity chamber is swirled by the air flow generated by the air flow generator and collides with the inner surface of the cavity chamber, thereby the material to be pulverized is pulverized into the fine powder. Even highly hard materials can be pulverized.

Various wear resistance designs may be applied to a reactor configured to facilitate chemical reactions, and/or comminution using shockwaves created in a supersonic gaseous vortex. The reactor may include a rigid chamber having a substantially circular cross-section. A first gas inlet may be configured to introduce a high-velocity gas stream into the chamber. A first replaceable wear part may be disposed in the chamber to absorb wear impact caused by the gas stream. In some implementations, the first replaceable wear part may be a cylindrical rod continuously fed into the chamber. In some implementations, the first replaceable wear part may be coated with, or composed of, a catalytic material, and/or may be electrically isolated from the rest of the reactor. In some implementations, a second gas inlet may be disposed to steer the gas stream to a desired area within the chamber to even out the wear impact.

Various wear resistance designs may be applied to a reactor configured to facilitate chemical reactions, and/or comminution using shockwaves created in a supersonic gaseous vortex. The reactor may include a rigid chamber having a substantially circular cross-section. A first gas inlet may be configured to introduce a high-velocity gas stream into the chamber. A first replaceable wear part may be disposed in the chamber to absorb wear impact caused by the gas stream. In some implementations, the first replaceable wear part may be a cylindrical rod continuously fed into the chamber. In some implementations, the first replaceable wear part may be coated with, or composed of, a catalytic material, and/or may be electrically isolated from the rest of the reactor. In some implementations, a second gas inlet may be disposed to steer the gas stream to a desired area within the chamber to even out the wear impact.

A method embodiment involves preparing single metal or mixed transition metal chalcogenide using exfoliation of two or more different bulk transition metal dichalcogenides in a manner to form an intermediate hetero-layered transition metal chalcogenide structure, which can be treated to provide a single-phase transition metal chalcogenide.