Systems and methods for processing slag produced by iron and steel making processes are disclosed. The slag is treated produce a series of valued industrial products, such as metal oxides, metal carbonates, rare-earth metals, and water glass. The systems and methods also integrate slag processing with CO.sub.2 sequestration and flue gas desulphurization. Processing slag minimizes the land use for stockpiling or landfilling wastes produced from iron and steel making processes and protects the ground water underneath. Overall, the solid and gaseous emissions of an energy-intensive and highly polluted industrial process have been largely reduced, recycled and valorized in order to achieve a near zero-emission goal.

The system extracts water from lunar regolith and includes a regolith intake having a digging bucket that collects lunar regolith soil and a gravel separator that separates and discharges gravel and passes a mixture of ice-regolith powder having ice grains that are about 10-100 microns along the conveyor. A pneumatic separator receives the ice-regolith powder and pneumatically splits the ice-regolith powder into streams of different sized lithic fragments and ice particles per the ratio of inertial force and aerodynamic drag force of the lithic fragments and ice particles. Each split stream may include a magnetic separator that separates further the magnetic and paramagnetic lithic fragments from ice particles to discharge up to 80 percent of lithic fragments to slag.

A method and application of accelerating material cleaning with strong magnet particles are provided. The wind airflow enter from the material inlet to accelerate the material, so that the material particles move at a certain speed, and the position and speed of the material can be controlled when it reaches the highest speed; There are internal strong magnetic field units where the material passes, especially when the material reaches the highest speed; Internal strong magnetic field units are used to generate the internal strong magnetic field. According to the method and application, the internal strong magnetic field is used to eliminate the attractive forces such as electromagnetic force, van der Waals force and liquid bridge between the material and the impurities attached to the surface of the material.

A system for sorting metallic objects by magnetic separation has an electromagnetic core. The electronic core includes at least a first portion, a second portion, and a bottom. A sorting flap is arranged facing the electromagnetic core to fashion a circulation space for a conveyor of objects to be sorted from the first portion toward the second portion. The sorting flap includes a magnetic element arranged to form an air gap (E1) between the first portion and the sorting flap. The air gap forms a magnetic barrier opposing the passage of non-magnetic metallic objects, such that the objects are ejected from the conveyor. The second portion is arranged to ensure a return of the magnetic flux lines toward the first portion.

A process for preparing whitened fly ash includes the steps of: (a) subjecting fly ash to a size classification step to obtain size classified fly ash having a particle size such that at least 90 wt % has a particle size of from 44 μm to 250 μm; (b) optionally, contacting the size classified fly ash from step (a) with water to form a slurry, wherein the slurry has a solid content of less than 40 wt %; (c) subjecting the slurry obtained in step (b) to an exhaustive magnetic separation step to form magnetically treated fly ash, wherein the exhaustive magnetic separation step includes a first magnetic extraction step and a second magnetic extraction step, wherein the second magnetic extraction step is carried out at a higher magnetic field strength than the first magnetic extraction step; and (d) subjecting the magnetically treated fly ash obtained in step (c) to milling to form whitened fly ash.

Provided herein are methods and compositions comprising a non-toxic ferromagnetic ink composition. Also provided herein are plastic objects containing a surface coating of a food-safe ferromagnetic ink composition. The coating imparts functionality to a plastic object such that the object is capable of being mechanically separated from waste stream using a commercial magnetic separator. The food-safe ink composition, which can be printed using high-speed flexographic, intaglio, offset printing or pad printing, combined with heat transfer printing or hot foil stamping consists of an ingestible magnetically susceptible pigment capable of rendering the printed template with magnetically active properties. The surface of the plastic object described can consist of geometric designs which increase printable surface area without significant changes in dimensions of the said object.

The system extracts water from lunar regolith and includes a regolith intake having a digging bucket that collects lunar regolith soil and a gravel separator that separates and discharges gravel and passes a mixture of ice-regolith powder having ice grains that are about 10-100 microns along the conveyor. A pneumatic separator receives the ice-regolith powder and pneumatically splits the ice-regolith powder into streams of different sized lithic fragments and ice particles per the ratio of inertial force and aerodynamic drag force of the lithic fragments and ice particles. Each split stream may include a magnetic separator that separates further the magnetic and paramagnetic lithic fragments from ice particles to discharge up to 80 percent of lithic fragments to slag.

A system for producing a stream of glass sand from mixed recyclables comprises first and second pulverizing system, each comprising a size-reducing pulverizer and a size-separating trommel. The pulverizers and trommels are heated, so as to also serve as driers.

A temperature-controlled tramp metal separation assembly includes a core rod and a magnetic set. The core rod is made of non-magnetic materials and includes a chamber, a first end with an air inlet, and a second end with an air outlet. The magnetic set includes a plurality of magnetic members and a plurality of spacers respectively disposed between the two adjacent magnetic members. The magnetic set is nested in the chamber in a way that an air path is formed therein so that an external cooling air flow can be introduced from the air inlet, and then discharged from the air outlet via the air path. Thus, the operating temperature of the tramp metal separating process can be maintained at an acceptable level, preventing the magnetic force of the magnet set from being reduced.

Provided is a method for processing electronic and electrical device component scraps, which can selectively recover a substrate scrap including a substance intended to be recovered. A method for processing electronic and electrical device component scraps, including separating a substrate with lead wires contained in the electronic and electrical device component scraps before sorting the electronic and electrical device component scraps by magnetic sorting.