In an example, a method including dispensing a liquid onto a first portion of a surface of a substrate and dispensing a solution comprising colloidal spheres onto a second portion of the surface of the substrate. The method additionally includes agitating the colloidal spheres to disperse the colloidal spheres along the first portion and the second portion of the surface of the substrate and directing air flow above the colloidal spheres inducing rotation of the colloidal spheres. In another example, a method includes positioning a retaining ring on a surface of a liquid above a substrate below the surface of the liquid and dispensing a solution comprising colloidal spheres onto the surface of the liquid within a surface area of the retaining ring. The method further includes agitating the surface of the liquid and the colloidal spheres to disperse the colloidal spheres along the surface area of the retaining ring.

In an example, a method including dispensing a liquid onto a first portion of a surface of a substrate and dispensing a solution comprising colloidal spheres onto a second portion of the surface of the substrate. The method additionally includes agitating the colloidal spheres to disperse the colloidal spheres along the first portion and the second portion of the surface of the substrate and directing air flow above the colloidal spheres inducing rotation of the colloidal spheres. In another example, a method includes positioning a retaining ring on a surface of a liquid above a substrate below the surface of the liquid and dispensing a solution comprising colloidal spheres onto the surface of the liquid within a surface area of the retaining ring. The method further includes agitating the surface of the liquid and the colloidal spheres to disperse the colloidal spheres along the surface area of the retaining ring.

Systems and methods for preparing covalent organic framework (COF) thin films is disclosed herein. The systems and method utilize COF colloidal inks, having a diameter of 10-1000 nm, expelled through a nozzle onto a substrate to prepare the COF thin film. The plurality of COF colloidal ink droplets have an effective deposition diameter from the nozzle onto a masked or unmasked substrate, where the substrate may be heated to an effective COF deposition temperature.

Systems and methods for preparing covalent organic framework (COF) thin films is disclosed herein. The systems and method utilize COF colloidal inks, having a diameter of 10-1000 nm, expelled through a nozzle onto a substrate to prepare the COF thin film. The plurality of COF colloidal ink droplets have an effective deposition diameter from the nozzle onto a masked or unmasked substrate, where the substrate may be heated to an effective COF deposition temperature.

A flowable material particularly liquid paint that can be transferred or poured from a standard external disposable cup container to the remote external surface in particular a canvas or any other desired surface with the great extent of detailed control along with precision, and efficiency and also along with creating a variety of designs, textures, patterns and styles in the process of pouring by using a one-piece-single-unit device which is made of extended and connected combinations of a vertical cup container, a vertical semi-cone shape funnel, a vertical cylinder funnel, and a vertical top adjacent scoop along with an extended and connected to a flat squared surface section which has a straight-line top end edge section that is made as a one-piece-single-unit device and which is constructed by an extended and connected components from the bottom up with the construction of a vertically positioned container's cup shape with a connected off-vertical flat parallelogram shaped handle, which can hold a disposable cup with the flowable material, with the wide top opening edge which is being faced upward and the bottom container's cup shape being faced downward and being closed thereof is extended and connected to a vertically transition semi-cone shape funnel component, that is in a transition area, which having a semi-cone shape funnel body wall with the semi-cone shape funnel's wider opening end facing downward, and a semi-cone shape funnel's narrow opening end which is facing upward that is extending and connecting to the top container's cup shape container wide opening end from one end and extending and connecting to the vertical cylinder funnel bottom opening end from another end which in transition semi-cone shape funnel and cylinder funnel body wall with having a vertical straight even back body wall thereof with the construction of a vertically positioned cylinder funnel components, transportation areas, and with having two even size opening ends with the bottom end opening thereof extended and connected to the top opening end edge of the semi-cone shape funnel from one end and extended and connected to the bottom opening end of the vertical adjacent scoop from another end, which is for extracting the liquid material, along with the extended flat square surface section which is being used to pass the flowable material over the extended flat squared surface section which has a straight-line top end edge section, which is for creating a new texture, and pattern and so on as the main source is changing the top end edge shape, for the pouring function process, so wherein an external standard cup which contains flowable material can be placed vertically

A flowable material particularly liquid paint that can be transferred or poured from a standard external disposable cup container to the remote external surface in particular a canvas or any other desired surface with the great extent of detailed control along with precision, and efficiency and also along with creating a variety of designs, textures, patterns and styles in the process of pouring by using a one-piece-single-unit device which is made of extended and connected combinations of a vertical cup container, a vertical semi-cone shape funnel, a vertical cylinder funnel, and a vertical top adjacent scoop along with an extended and connected to a flat squared surface section which has a straight-line top end edge section that is made as a one-piece-single-unit device and which is constructed by an extended and connected components from the bottom up with the construction of a vertically positioned container's cup shape with a connected off-vertical flat parallelogram shaped handle, which can hold a disposable cup with the flowable material, with the wide top opening edge which is being faced upward and the bottom container's cup shape being faced downward and being closed thereof is extended and connected to a vertically transition semi-cone shape funnel component, that is in a transition area, which having a semi-cone shape funnel body wall with the semi-cone shape funnel's wider opening end facing downward, and a semi-cone shape funnel's narrow opening end which is facing upward that is extending and connecting to the top container's cup shape container wide opening end from one end and extending and connecting to the vertical cylinder funnel bottom opening end from another end which in transition semi-cone shape funnel and cylinder funnel body wall with having a vertical straight even back body wall thereof with the construction of a vertically positioned cylinder funnel components, transportation areas, and with having two even size opening ends with the bottom end opening thereof extended and connected to the top opening end edge of the semi-cone shape funnel from one end and extended and connected to the bottom opening end of the vertical adjacent scoop from another end, which is for extracting the liquid material, along with the extended flat square surface section which is being used to pass the flowable material over the extended flat squared surface section which has a straight-line top end edge section, which is for creating a new texture, and pattern and so on as the main source is changing the top end edge shape, for the pouring function process, so wherein an external standard cup which contains flowable material can be placed vertically

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment device and a paddle with improved strength and uniform plating thickness by uniformly stirring surface treatment solution near an object to be plated. Also, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface treatment method capable of stirring for a long period of time, by uniformizing plating thickness, and by improving a strength of a paddle. A surface treatment device comprising at least one plateshaped paddle, in a surface treatment tank, for stirring surface treatment solution near an object to be plated by reciprocally moving the paddle with respect to the object to be plated, wherein the paddle is configured by integrally forming a plurality of square bars provided in depth direction of the surface treatment solution in the surface treatment tank along the object to be plated at regular intervals, and a square bar of the plurality of square bars is provided with a curved surface with respect to the object to be plated in a cross section in thickness direction of the square bar.

An apparatus is provided. The apparatus may include one or more of a container, a first magnet assembly, and a second magnet assembly. The container includes an open top and is configured to hold a liquid chemical solution. The first magnet assembly includes a first magnet having a first polarity and a cover, coupled to the first magnet. The cover is configured to be movable between an open and a closed position and limit evaporation of the solution when the cover is in the closed position. The second magnet assembly includes a second magnet having a second polarity. In response to a command, the second magnet assembly is configured to move the cover to the open position without direct contact to the first magnet assembly in response to a command.

An apparatus is provided. The apparatus may include one or more of a container, a first magnet assembly, and a second magnet assembly. The container includes an open top and is configured to hold a liquid chemical solution. The first magnet assembly includes a first magnet having a first polarity and a cover, coupled to the first magnet. The cover is configured to be movable between an open and a closed position and limit evaporation of the solution when the cover is in the closed position. The second magnet assembly includes a second magnet having a second polarity. In response to a command, the second magnet assembly is configured to move the cover to the open position without direct contact to the first magnet assembly in response to a command.

The present disclosure provides a coating device including a first storage tank for storing a material to be coated, a needle cannula to which the first storage tank is connected by means of a corresponding first line, a gas output device for outputting a first pressurized gas from a gas source, including a first gas output line extending into the first storage tank, wherein the gas output device is capable of outputting the first pressurized gas to the first storage tank through the first gas output line such that the material to be coated stored in the first storage tank is discharged under a gas pressure and enters the needle cannula through the first line.