A sterilization validation system and method are disclosed that ensure sterilization of packaging materials that contain certain sterilized items that have been sterilized in a cleanroom environment. In accordance with the disclosed subject matter, garments (or other items or materials) that are sterilized inside autoclave or breather bags may be secured within tote liners that ensure sterility of the exterior of the breather bags containing the garments. Not only is it possible to ensure a recipient that the garment is sterile, but it is also possible to verify that the outside of the breather bag itself is also sterile, since the breather bag will remain sterilized inside the tote liner during shipping.

An apparatus for processing a substrate may include an upper chamber, a lower chamber being combined with the upper chamber and separated from the upper chamber, and at least one driving member for moving the lower chamber in an upward direction and a downward direction. The least one driving member may include a supporting element for supporting the lower chamber, a first driving element for moving the lower chamber and the supporting element, a second driving element for moving the lower chamber, the supporting element and the first driving element, the second driving element being disposed adjacent to the first driving element, and a connecting element for connecting the first driving element to the second driving element. A processing space may be provided between the upper chamber and the lower chamber when the lower chamber is combined with the upper chamber.

An apparatus for treating a substrate using a treating fluid in a supercritical state is provided. In a pressure increasing step of increasing a pressure in the treating space from a pressure lower than a critical pressure of the treating fluid to a treating pressure higher than the critical pressure, the apparatus controls a supply amount of the treating fluid supplied from a first supply port to control flow of the treating fluid supplied from the first supply port and then exhausted through an exhaust port.

A method of processing a semiconductor device including following operation is provided. A substrate is provided. The substrate is then processed with a treating solution, in which the treating solution includes liquid carbon dioxide and an additive. The treating solution is then displaced by a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. The substrate is then dried by transforming the supercritical fluid carbon dioxide to gaseous carbon dioxide.

A method and apparatus for removing microscopic contaminant particulates by high pressure liquid nitrogen jet cleaning from the inner surface of a superconducting radio frequency cavity or a string of multiple cavities and transporting the removed particulates out of the inner space enclosed by the cleaned surfaces. The cleaning method of the invention suppresses field emission, resulting in an increase of the usable accelerating gradient of the cavities and a reduction of the activated radioactivity in accelerator components around cavities.

A processing fluid flows into a processing space SP by way of a flow passage and discharge openings 174, 178 having substantially the same cross-sectional shape as that of a gap space formed in a clearance between a wall surface of the processing space SP and a substrate holder 15. On the other hand, the processing fluid having passed through the processing space SP is discharged to an outside via discharge flow passages 183, 187 after flowing into the buffer space 182, 186 having substantially the same width as the gap space. From these, the processing fluid can be caused to flow into the buffer space 182, 186 while the laminar flow state is maintained in the gap space. Thus, the generation of a turbulence in the processing space SP can be suppressed.

A substrate dry cleaning apparatus, a substrate dry cleaning system, and a method of cleaning a substrate are disclosed. The substrate dry cleaning system includes a substrate support and a reactive species generator. The reactive species generator includes a first conduit defining a first flow channel that extends to an outlet of the first conduit, the outlet of the first conduit facing the substrate support, a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, the first flow channel disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first inert wall disposed between the first electrode and the first flow channel, and a second inert wall disposed between the second electrode and the first flow channel.

A material removal method comprises receiving a component that includes a component body and a coating on the component body, the component body comprising metallic first material, and the coating comprising a second material that is different from the first material, wherein the component is a component of an item of rotational equipment. The method also includes receiving a solution comprising nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide and subjecting at least a portion of the coating to the solution in supercritical condition in order to remove at least some of the second material from the component, wherein a chemistry of the solution is selected such that the solution is substantially non-reactive with the first material.

An injecting assembly includes a nozzle that is formed with a mixture channel, a mixture opening communicating with the mixture channel, a shaper channel, and a shaper opening communicating with the shaper channel. A mixture of a precursor and a supercritical fluid (SCF) passes through the mixture channel. Waves of the mixture are periodically injected toward a surface of a substrate at the mixture opening. A stream of a shaping fluid flows through the shaper channel and is injected toward the substrate at the shaper opening. The stream of the shaping fluid confines the waves of the mixture. Molecules of the precursor penetrate into the substrate by impact of the wave fronts reaching the surface of the substrate. The molecules of the precursor can react with molecules of a material of the substrate to improve surface properties of the substrate.

An apparatus for treating a substrate is provided. The apparatus for treating the substrate includes a high pressure chamber to provide a treatment space to perform a process of treating the substrate using a process fluid, a fluid supply source to provide the process fluid to the high pressure chamber, a fluid supply unit to supply the process fluid to the treatment space of the high pressure chamber, an exhaust unit to exhaust the process fluid in the high pressure chamber, and a pre-vent unit to vent a process fluid remaining inside a supply line.