An ultrasonic system for treating a submerged surface of a target structure, the system including: an ultrasonic generator for generating electrical energy to drive first and second ultrasonic transducers, the electrical energy including at least two different frequencies including a first and second operation frequency; first ultrasonic transducers configured to be mounted as a first array to the target structure, and connectable to the ultrasonic generator and operable to generate a first ultrasound signal from the first operation frequency; and second ultrasonic transducers configured to be mounted as a second array to the target structure, and connectable to the ultrasonic generator and operable to generate a second ultrasound signal from the second operation frequency, wherein the first and second ultrasonic transducers are spaceable from one another to produce guided ultrasonic waveforms through the target structure including heterodyned frequencies from the first ultrasound signal and the second ultrasound signal.

A cleaning device for removing contamination on a substrate holder used with an electroplating cell includes an arm, a cleaning agent supplier, a nozzle and a receiver. The cleaning agent supplier is coupled to the arm and configured to supply a cleaning agent. The nozzle is coupled to the cleaning agent supplier and configured to spray the cleaning agent onto the substrate holder to remove the contamination. The receiver is coupled to the arm and configured to receive the cleaning agent after the cleaning agent is sprayed onto the substrate holder.

An article having antifouling properties and intended to be employed in aquatic uses, in particular marine uses. In particular there is provided an article having antifouling properties and intended to be employed in aquatic uses which comprises: a) a support, b) optionally, at least one primer coat on said support comprising at least one anticorrosive product, c) optionally, at least one intermediate primer coat promoting adhesion between the coats, d) at least one adhesion-promoting coat or tie coat, deposited on said primer coat or on said support when the primer coat is absent, and e) at least one antifouling coat or topcoat, deposited on said adhesion-promoting coat or tie coat.

An article having antifouling properties and intended to be employed in aquatic uses, in particular marine uses. In particular there is provided an article having antifouling properties and intended to be employed in aquatic uses which comprises: a) a support, b) optionally, at least one primer coat on said support comprising at least one anticorrosive product, c) optionally, at least one intermediate primer coat promoting adhesion between the coats, d) at least one adhesion-promoting coat or tie coat, deposited on said primer coat or on said support when the primer coat is absent, and e) at least one antifouling coat or topcoat, deposited on said adhesion-promoting coat or tie coat.

The invention provides an anti-biofouling system (200) comprising an UV-emitting element (210), wherein the UV-emitting element (210) comprises a UV radiation exit window (230), wherein the UV-emitting element (210) at least partly encloses a light source (220) configured to provide UV radiation (221), wherein the UV radiation exit window (230) is configured to transmit at least part of the UV radiation (221) of the light source (220), wherein the UV radiation exit window (230) comprises an upstream window side (231) and a downstream window side (232), wherein the UV-emitting element (210) also at least partly encloses an optical sensor (310) configured to sense radiation (421) emanating from the downstream window side (232) and configured to provide a corresponding optical sensor signal, wherein the anti-biofouling system (200) is further configured to provide said UV radiation (221) in dependence of said optical sensor signal.

The invention provides an anti-biofouling system (200) comprising an UV-emitting element (210), wherein the UV-emitting element (210) comprises a UV radiation exit window (230), wherein the UV-emitting element (210) at least partly encloses a light source (220) configured to provide UV radiation (221), wherein the UV radiation exit window (230) is configured to transmit at least part of the UV radiation (221) of the light source (220), wherein the UV radiation exit window (230) comprises an upstream window side (231) and a downstream window side (232), wherein the UV-emitting element (210) also at least partly encloses an optical sensor (310) configured to sense radiation (421) emanating from the downstream window side (232) and configured to provide a corresponding optical sensor signal, wherein the anti-biofouling system (200) is further configured to provide said UV radiation (221) in dependence of said optical sensor signal.

A cooling apparatus for cooling a fluid by means of surface water, the cooling apparatus comprising more than one tubes for containing and transporting the fluid in its interior, the exterior of the tube being in operation at least partially submerged in the surface water so as to cool the tube to thereby also cool the fluid and hence different tube portions contain fluid at different temperatures. The cooling apparatus further comprises at least one light source for producing light that hinders fouling on the submerged exterior, wherein the at least one light source is arranged so that the intensity of the anti-fouling light, cast over the exterior of the tube portions whose exterior temperature or the temperature of the fluid they contain is below 80° C., is higher than the intensity of the anti-fouling light cast over the other tube portions. By this structure anti-fouling of the cooling apparatus can be assured in an effective manner.

A cooling apparatus (1) for cooling a fluid with surface water, comprising at least one tube (8) for containing and transporting the fluid in its interior, the exterior of the tube (8) being in operation at least partially submerged in the surface water so as to cool the tube (8) to thereby also cool the fluid. The cooling apparatus (1) further comprises at least one light source (9) for producing light that hinders fouling on the submerged exterior, wherein the light source (9) is dimensioned and positioned with respect to the tube (8) so as to cast anti-fouling light over the tube's exterior. By this structure anti-fouling of the cooling apparatus (1) can be assured in an alternative and effective manner.

Disclosed are a liquid treating apparatus and a liquid treating method. The liquid treating apparatus includes a chamber that provides a space for processing a substrate, a support unit that is provided in the chamber to support the substrate, an ejection unit that has a nozzle for supplying a cleaning medium to the substrate supported by the support unit, and an auxiliary ejection unit that has an auxiliary nozzle for supplying a contamination prevention liquid to the substrate supported by the support unit.

Disclosed are a liquid treating apparatus and a liquid treating method. The liquid treating apparatus includes a chamber that provides a space for processing a substrate, a support unit that is provided in the chamber to support the substrate, an ejection unit that has a nozzle for supplying a cleaning medium to the substrate supported by the support unit, and an auxiliary ejection unit that has an auxiliary nozzle for supplying a contamination prevention liquid to the substrate supported by the support unit.