The present invention provides a steel material which has a plate shape and achieves both high strength and high rigidity by imparting large nonuniform deformation to the steel material utilizing rolling using a large-diameter work roll. The steel plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is produced by performing rolling using a rolling mill having a work roll diameter of 650 mm or more in a warm temperature region so that a nonuniform metallographic structure is formed in a plate thickness direction and thus the steel plate of the present invention is a high-strength and high-rigidity steel plate in which a yield strength is 580 MPa or more and a Young's modulus at a plate thickness center portion or a surface layer portion is 210 GPa or more and a difference in Young's moduli at the plate thickness center portion and the surface layer portion is 5 GPa or more in a case in which a tensile direction in a tensile test is at least any one of a rolling direction, a plate width direction, or a direction forming an angle difference of 45 degrees from the rolling direction and the plate width direction.

A device for converting electrical energy from electrically charged particles, which includes a positive electrode, the positive electrode includes a composition arranged in a plate shape, the composition includes a binding agent and a filler, wherein the filler is dispersed through the binding agent, and the filler includes at least titanium dioxide and activated carbon particles. The device further includes a negative electrode, arranged in a plate shape, the negative electrode includes a metal alloy, wherein the metal alloy includes aluminium, and magnesium. The device further includes a gas permeable insulator. The positive electrode, the gas permeable insulator and the negative electrode are stacked into a laminated structure. The gas permeable insulator is arranged as an intermediate layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

A device for converting electrical energy from electrically charged particles, which includes a positive electrode, the positive electrode includes a composition arranged in a plate shape, the composition includes a binding agent and a filler, wherein the filler is dispersed through the binding agent, and the filler includes at least titanium dioxide and activated carbon particles. The device further includes a negative electrode, arranged in a plate shape, the negative electrode includes a metal alloy, wherein the metal alloy includes aluminium, and magnesium. The device further includes a gas permeable insulator. The positive electrode, the gas permeable insulator and the negative electrode are stacked into a laminated structure. The gas permeable insulator is arranged as an intermediate layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

A single-side tower-type roller system based asynchronous rolling mill for rolling an ultra-thin composite strip and a hydraulic system therefor are provided. The mill includes a machine frame and reel assemblies. An upper roller system assembly and a lower roller system assembly are arranged in the machine frame. A down-pressing assembly is arranged on the machine frame and used to adjust a roll gap between the upper roller system assembly and the lower roller system assembly. A support roller balance assembly is arranged on the machine frame and used to support and balance the upper roller system assembly. The lower roller system assembly includes right and left working rollers. The right working roller is a plain roller. The left working roller is a patterned roller. A left-pressing assembly is arranged on the machine frame and used to adjust a roll gap between the right and left working rollers.

A rolling device capable of applying horizontal vibration for metal clad plates includes two symmetrically arranged support frames, an upper roller and a lower roller both of which are provided between the two support frames and parallel to each other, four bearing seats which are fixed with two ends of the upper roller and two ends of the lower roller respectively, and four horizontal vibration apparatuses which are provided outside the four bearing seats respectively for driving the upper roller and the lower roller to horizontally vibrate. Every horizontal vibration apparatus includes an exciting hydraulic cylinder and a damper. One end of the exciting hydraulic cylinder and one end of the damper are fixedly connected with two sides of one of the four bearing seats respectively. Every horizontal vibration apparatus is provided outside one of the four bearing seats.

A rolling device capable of applying horizontal vibration for metal clad plates includes two symmetrically arranged support frames, an upper roller and a lower roller both of which are provided between the two support frames and parallel to each other, four bearing seats which are fixed with two ends of the upper roller and two ends of the lower roller respectively, and four horizontal vibration apparatuses which are provided outside the four bearing seats respectively for driving the upper roller and the lower roller to horizontally vibrate. Every horizontal vibration apparatus includes an exciting hydraulic cylinder and a damper. One end of the exciting hydraulic cylinder and one end of the damper are fixedly connected with two sides of one of the four bearing seats respectively. Every horizontal vibration apparatus is provided outside one of the four bearing seats.

Provided is a heat sink having a clad structure of Co—Mo composite materials and Cu materials, satisfying high heat-sink properties required of the heat sink for use in a semiconductor package with a frame on which a high-output and small-sized semiconductor is mounted, and preventing, when applied to the semiconductor package with a frame, crack of the frame due to local stress concentration. The heat sink has three or more Cu layers and two or more Cu—Mo composite layers alternately stacked in a thickness direction so that the Cu layers are outermost layers on both sides thereof, the Cu layers as the outermost layers each having a thickness t.sub.1 of 40 μm or more, the heat sink satisfying 0.06≤t.sub.1/T≤0.27 (where T: heat sink thickness) and t.sub.2/T≤0.36/[(total number of layers−1)/2] (where t.sub.2: Cu—Mo composite layer thickness, the total number of layers: sum of numbers of Cu layers and Cu—Mo composite layers).

The ratio of the difference between a surface distance L at each of the different positions in a width direction DW of a metal sheet and a minimum surface distance Lm to the minimum surface distance Lm is an elongation difference ratio. The elongation difference ratio in a center section in the width direction DW of the metal sheet is less than or equal to 3×10.sup.−5. The elongation difference ratios in two edge sections in the width direction DW of the metal sheet are less than or equal to 15×10.sup.−5. The elongation difference ratio in at least one of the two edge sections in the width direction DW of the metal sheet is less than the elongation difference ratio in the center section in the width direction of the metal sheet.

The ratio of the difference between a surface distance L at each of the different positions in a width direction DW of a metal sheet and a minimum surface distance Lm to the minimum surface distance Lm is an elongation difference ratio. The elongation difference ratio in a center section in the width direction DW of the metal sheet is less than or equal to 3×10.sup.−5. The elongation difference ratios in two edge sections in the width direction DW of the metal sheet are less than or equal to 15×10.sup.−5. The elongation difference ratio in at least one of the two edge sections in the width direction DW of the metal sheet is less than the elongation difference ratio in the center section in the width direction of the metal sheet.

The present disclosure provides a pulse current assisted uncanned rolling method for titanium-TiAl composite plates, including the following specific steps: 1. preparing titanium alloy sheets; 2. preparing TiAl alloy sheets; 3. uncanned lay-up; 4. pulse current assisted hot-rolling; 5. separation and subsequent processing, thus getting the titanium-TiAl composite plates. The composite plates are of good quality on the surface without oxide layer shedding, no cracks at the edges and the ends, with uniform and fine microstructures, good bonding interface and excellent mechanical properties.