Systems and methods of applying a texture on a substrate include applying a texture to the substrate with a work stand of a coil-to-coil process. The work stand includes an upper work roll and a lower work roll vertically aligned with the upper work roll. At least one of the upper work roll and the lower work roll includes the texture. Applying the texture includes applying, by the upper work roll and a lower work roll, a work roll pressure on an upper surface and a lower surface of the substrate. The method further includes adjusting a contact pressure parameter of the work stand such that the work stand provides a desired contact pressure distribution across the width of the substrate and a desired thickness profile of the edges of the substrate while an overall thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

[Object] To provide a rolling apparatus capable of accurately detecting a rolling direction force applied to a work roll chock. [Solution] A rolling apparatus for flat-rolled metal materials including a pair of upper and lower work rolls 1 and 2 includes a pair of work roll chocks 5 and 6 configured to hold the respective work rolls 1 and 2, housings 10 configured to hold the work roll chocks, and rolling direction force measurement devices 21, 22, 23, and 24 configured to measure rolling direction forces. The rolling direction force measurement devices include a plurality of load detection devices on an entry side or an exit side of the work roll chocks in a rolling direction, and the plurality of load detection devices are provided to one of the housings, and the plurality of load detection devices are disposed in a manner that, during rolling of the flat-rolled metal materials, at least two of the load detection devices are arranged adjacent to each other in a draft direction facing a side surface of a corresponding one of the work roll chocks. In this case, the at least two load detection devices are disposed in a manner that a line extending in the rolling direction and including a roll axis, which is a point of effort of a rolling direction force, is interposed between the at least two load detection devices in the draft direction.

[Object] To provide a rolling apparatus capable of accurately detecting a rolling direction force applied to a work roll chock. [Solution] A rolling apparatus for flat-rolled metal materials includes a pair of upper and lower work rolls 1 and 2, and a pair of upper and lower backup rolls 3 and 4. The rolling apparatus includes a pair of work roll chocks 5 and 6 configured to hold the respective work rolls, housings 10 configured to hold the work roll chocks, and load detection devices 21 to 24 provided in the work roll chocks, the load detection devices each detecting a load acting on one of the housings from one of the work roll chocks on an entry side in a rolling direction or on an exit side in the rolling direction. The load detection devices are each disposed so as to face one of the housings using a point of effort of a rolling direction force of one of the work rolls as a reference, such that a rotation moment generated on each of the work roll chocks caused by the rolling direction force is equal to a counter rotation moment generated by counterforce against the rotation moment.

A plate thickness control device controlling plate thickness of a hot rolling mill that includes a rolling stand. The plate thickness control device includes: a pyrometer disposed on an entry side of the rolling stand; a difference calculation part that outputs a difference temperature between a lock-on temperature of the plate-to-be-rolled measured by the pyrometer and a measurement value of a portion other than a tip portion of the plate-to-be-rolled measured by the pyrometer; a tracking part that transfers the difference temperature from the position of the pyrometer to immediately below the rolling stand based on plate speed of the plate-to-be-rolled; and a computation part that calculates a screw-down amount of the rolling stand based on the difference temperature transmitted from the tracking part.

The present invention provides a method for identifying an inter-roll cross angle in a rolling mill of four-high or more including at least a pair of work rolls and a pair of backup rolls by, when rolling is not performed, applying a roll bending force to apply a load between rolls of an upper roll assembly including the work roll on the upper side and between rolls of a lower roll assembly including the work roll on the lower side, in a state where a roll gap between the work rolls is put into an open state, detecting vertical roll loads that act in the vertical direction on the rolling support positions on the working side and the driving side of at least one of the backup roll on the upper side or the backup roll on the lower side, and calculating a load difference between the vertical roll loads on the working side and the driving side.

A rolling load prediction method predicts a rolling load of a rolling mill for rolling steel and includes predicting the rolling load of the rolling mill in a case where the steel is rolled under an operating condition for prediction, by inputting the operating condition for prediction into a rolling load prediction model that has been trained with operation record data including at least a factor related to a temperature of the steel as an input variable and an actual value of the rolling load of the rolling mill as an output variable.

A substrate (e.g., metal or non-metal sheet) can have multiple textures on a surface of the substrate. The various textures can be impressed or applied on the surface of the substrate by passing the substrate between multiple pairs of work rolls that each include at least one textured work roll for transferring a texture of the work roll onto the surface of the substrate. The pairs of work rolls apply the various textures on the surface of the substrate while maintaining a thickness of the substrate (e.g., with substantially no reduction in a thickness of the substrate). A single pass of the substrate between the pairs of work rolls can allow various different textures, patterns, or features to be applied to the surface of the substrate while the thickness of the substrate remains substantially constant.

The present invention provides a compound of Formula I: wherein R is H or F; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the use of compounds of Formula I for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. ##STR00001##

A method manufacturing a steel strip, including the subsequent steps of hot rolling the strip into a hot rolled strip, cold rolling the hot rolled strip and hot dip coating the cold rolled strip with a Zn based coating by leading the strip through a bath including molten zinc and wiping the strip after the coating using a gas knife having a knife slot from which a wiping gas is projected and the steel strip is cold rolled to a final cold rolled thickness of between 0.40 mm and 1.00 mm in a multi-stand cold rolling mill, and the coated steel sheet includes a steel substrate provided with a hot dip metal coating.

A roll state monitor device includes: rolling force detector configured to detect rolling force of a monitored roll selected from an upper roll set and a lower roll set; force variation value extractor configured to extract a rolling force variation value based on the rolling force for each rotation position of the monitored roll; and identification part configured to identify a roll eccentricity amount of the monitored roll by acquiring a plurality of accumulated values by accumulating separately for each rotation position of the monitored roll a value which is one of the rolling force variation value and a roll gap equivalent value calculated based on the rolling force variation value, and by dividing each of the plurality of accumulated values by a correction coefficient corresponding to a roll rotation amount.