A 3D printed tool includes a tool body extending between first and second ends and including at least one loading surface defining an axis, at least one support surface configured to receive a clamp, and a structural weakness portion positioned along the axis between the at least one loading surface and the at least one support surface. The structural weakness portion is configured to cause the at least one tool body to fail along a predetermined fault line such that the at least one tool body splits substantially down a middle of the at least one tool body when overloaded.

A vanadium silicon carbonitride film includes vanadium, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen, wherein when vanadium element concentration/(vanadium element concentration+silicon element concentration+carbon element concentration+nitrogen element concentration) in the film is defined as a, and silicon element concentration/(vanadium element concentration+silicon element concentration+carbon element concentration+nitrogen element concentration) in the film is defined as b, 0.30≤a/b≤1.3 and 0.30≤a+b≤0.70 are satisfied, and a total of the vanadium element concentration, the silicon element concentration, the carbon element concentration, and the nitrogen element concentration in the film is 90 [at %] or more.

A vanadium silicon carbonitride film includes vanadium, silicon, carbon, and nitrogen, wherein when vanadium element concentration/(vanadium element concentration+silicon element concentration+carbon element concentration+nitrogen element concentration) in the film is defined as a, and silicon element concentration/(vanadium element concentration+silicon element concentration+carbon element concentration+nitrogen element concentration) in the film is defined as b, 0.30≤a/b≤1.3 and 0.30≤a+b≤0.70 are satisfied, and a total of the vanadium element concentration, the silicon element concentration, the carbon element concentration, and the nitrogen element concentration in the film is 90 [at %] or more.

A system for designing and manufacturing a mold structure for high-strength steel comprises a 3D modeling unit to design a mold structure based on surface topography information and physical property information about a forming material using a 3D modeling program, a forming load simulation unit to apply stepwise forming loads to a shell of the mold structure while the forming material is formed in the mold structure designed by the 3D modeling unit and to simulate a distribution of the forming loads of the mold structure, a numerical analysis unit to produce a stress and degree of deformation of the mold structure according to the forming load distribution and then analyze a possible wear portion and deformation rate of the wear portion, and an optimal parameter producing unit to provide an reinforcement parameter for reinforcing a design (structural) parameter or physical property value of the wear portion.

A system for designing and manufacturing a mold structure for high-strength steel comprises a 3D modeling unit to design a mold structure based on surface topography information and physical property information about a forming material using a 3D modeling program, a forming load simulation unit to apply stepwise forming loads to a shell of the mold structure while the forming material is formed in the mold structure designed by the 3D modeling unit and to simulate a distribution of the forming loads of the mold structure, a numerical analysis unit to produce a stress and degree of deformation of the mold structure according to the forming load distribution and then analyze a possible wear portion and deformation rate of the wear portion, and an optimal parameter producing unit to provide an reinforcement parameter for reinforcing a design (structural) parameter or physical property value of the wear portion.

A production device having wear and/or manipulation identification is provided. The production device is produced at least for the most part by additive production methods and has a surface. The production device may be constructed as an assembly device, in particular workpiece coordination device, shaping tool or auxiliary technical production device. According to the present disclosure there is provided at least in a region of the surface at least one signal layer which, in an initial state of the production device, is arranged at a predetermined depth below a surface termination layer of the surface and is covered externally by the surface termination layer of the surface. In this instance, the signal layer differs in a visually perceptible manner from the surface termination layer.

A precision compensation mechanism of a full-automatic bidirectional flanging machine comprises an upper die X-direction fine adjustment assembly, an upper die Y-direction fine adjustment assembly, a lower die X-direction fine adjustment assembly and a lower die Y-direction fine adjustment assembly, wherein the fine adjustment assemblies each comprise N adjusting threaded sleeves, N adjusting screws and a threaded sleeve rotation driving device; wherein the N adjusting threaded sleeves are threaded into an upper opening or a lower opening of a C-shaped flanging beam along the length direction of an upper die or a lower die; the outer wall surfaces of the N adjusting threaded sleeves are threaded into the upper opening or the lower opening of the C-shaped flanging beam to form N screw thread pairs I with the thread pitch of P1.

A precision compensation mechanism of a full-automatic bidirectional flanging machine comprises an upper die X-direction fine adjustment assembly, an upper die Y-direction fine adjustment assembly, a lower die X-direction fine adjustment assembly and a lower die Y-direction fine adjustment assembly, wherein the fine adjustment assemblies each comprise N adjusting threaded sleeves, N adjusting screws and a threaded sleeve rotation driving device; wherein the N adjusting threaded sleeves are threaded into an upper opening or a lower opening of a C-shaped flanging beam along the length direction of an upper die or a lower die; the outer wall surfaces of the N adjusting threaded sleeves are threaded into the upper opening or the lower opening of the C-shaped flanging beam to form N screw thread pairs I with the thread pitch of P1.

The invention concerns a method of manufacturing a master plate for fabrication of diffractive structures, and a corresponding master plate. The method comprises providing a substrate comprising a stack of selective etch layers and providing an etch mask layer on the substrate. Further, the method comprises etching the substrate in a multi-step etching process by exposing the substrate piecewise at different mask zones of the mask layer and using said selective etch layers to produce to the substrate a height-modulated surface profile defined by the mask zones in lateral dimensions and by said stack in height dimension of the substrate, and, finally, providing a height-modulated master grating onto the surface profile, the height modulation of the master grating being at least partly defined by said surface profile of the substrate.

A method for forming a large-size curved thin-walled metal skin is disclosed, wherein the position and size characteristics of stiffeners on a curved panel is extracted; the thickness of the curved panel and the thin-walled skin after assembly is assumed to be m, and a forming surface of the punch is offset outwards along a normal line by the thickness m to obtain the characteristics of the inner surface of a female die; the number of the discrete support moulds is set to be the same as the number n of the stiffeners based on the size and distribution of the stiffeners on the curved panel; and the punch and the female die combined with the discrete support moulds are used to carry out stamping of a curved thin-walled slab to obtain a required thin-walled skin component.