A process for manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet with a strength of at least 1200 MPa and an elongation at break greater than 10%. A steel is provided having a microstructure comprising 65 to 90% bainite. A semifinished product is cast from the steel and heated to a temperature greater than 1150° C. The semifinished product is hot rolled to obtain a hot-rolled sheet; the coiled and pickled. Cold-rolling occurs with a reduction ratio of between 30 and 80% so as to obtain a cold-rolled sheet; and then reheating occurs at a rate V.sub.c between 5 and 15° C./s up to a temperature T.sub.1 between Ac3 and Ac3+20° C. and held at said temperature T.sub.1 for a time t.sub.1 between 50 and 150 s. The sheet is cooled at a rate V.sub.R1 greater than 40° C./s but below 100° C./s down to a temperature T.sub.2 between (M.sub.s−30° C. and M.sub.s+30° C.). The sheet is maintained at temperature T.sub.2 for a time t.sub.2 between 150 and 350 s, and then cooled at a rate V.sub.R2 of less than 30° C./s down to an ambient temperature.

An alloy cast strip preparation method includes a melting process and a casting cooling process. The melting process includes controlling a power of an induction melting furnace to perform a cyclic heat treatment to completely melt an alloy raw material before a surface temperature of a melt obtained by melting the alloy raw material is raised to 1300° C., and, after the alloy raw material is melted, adjusting the power of the induction melting furnace to stabilize the surface temperature of the melt at a temperature in a range from 1400° C. to 1500° C. The casting cooling process includes performing casting cooling on the melt arranged on a surface of a rotary cooling roll to obtain an alloy cast strip while controlling a surface linear velocity of the rotary cooling roll to be from 1.5 m/s to 2.25 m/s.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes a steel layer and an insulation coating arranged in directly contact with the steel layer thereon. The steel layer includes, as a chemical composition, by mass %, 2.9 to 4.0% of Si, 2.0 to 4.0% of Mn, 0 to 0.20% of Sn, and 0 to 0.20% of Sb. In the steel layer, a silicon content and a manganese content expressed in mass % satisfy 1.2%≤Si−0.5×Mn≤2.0%, and a tin content and an antimony content expressed in mass % satisfy 0.005%≤Sn+Sb≤0.20%.

A manufacturing method of a steel sheet includes: a step of performing continuous casting of molten steel having a Si content of 0.4 mass % to 3.0 mass % to obtain a slab; a step of performing hot rolling of the slab to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet; a step of performing cold rolling of the hot-rolled steel sheet to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet; a step of performing cold-rolled sheet annealing of the cold-rolled steel sheet; a step of performing pickling after the cold-rolled sheet annealing; a step of performing water washing after the pickling; and a step of performing drying after the water washing. A dew point is set to −35° C. or lower in the cold-rolled sheet annealing, an electrical conductivity of a rinse water to be used in the water washing is set to 5.0 mS/m or less, a water-washing time is set to 15 seconds or less in the water washing, and the drying is started within 60 seconds from an end of the water washing.

The present invention discloses magnesium alloys, bicycle rims made of magnesium alloys, and methods of preparing the alloys and bicycle components made of the alloys. The alloys may include the following components in percentage by weight: 5.5-6.0% of Zn, 0.3-0.6% of Zr, 0.5-2.0% of lanthanum-rich mixed rare earth and the balance of Mg.

A method includes the production of a primary ingot, the production of a secondary ingot, and the removal of a flux layer. A CaO—CaF.sub.2 flux in a content of 3-20 mass % and obtained by mixing 35-95 mass % of CaF.sub.2 with CaO is added to a Ti—Al alloy material including a total of at least 0.1 mass % of oxygen and at least 40 mass % of Al, and the resultant substance is melted by a melting method using a water-cooled copper container in an atmosphere having a pressure of 1.33 Pa or higher and held to produce the primary ingot. The primary ingot is continuously drawn downwards while being melted by a melting method using a bottomless water-cooled copper casting mould in an atmosphere having a pressure of 1.33 Pa or higher to produce the secondary ingot. The flux layer deposited on the surface of the secondary ingot is mechanically removed.

Provided herein is a system, apparatus, and method for continuous casting of metal, and more particularly, to a mechanism for controlling the shape of a direct chill casting mold to dynamically control a profile of an ingot cast from the mold during the casting process. Embodiments may provide an apparatus for casting material including: first and second opposing side walls; first and second end walls extending between the first and second side walls, where the first and second opposing side walls and the first and second opposing end walls form a generally rectangular shaped mold cavity. At least one of the first and second opposing side walls may include two or more contact regions, where each of the two or more contact regions may be configured to be displaced relative to a straight line along the side wall.

Disclosed herein are TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steel alloy thin metal strips or, stated differently, high strength, high ductility steel alloy thin metal strips formed of a composition described herein, being substantially free or free of aluminum. In being substantially free, the aluminum content is equal to or less than 0.01% by weight.

A method and apparatus for manufacturing a flexible layer stack, and to a flexible layer stack. Implementations of the present disclosure particularly relate to a method and apparatus for coating flexible substrates with a low melting temperature metal or metal alloy. In one implementation, a method is provided. The method includes delivering a transfer liquid to a quenching surface of a rotating casting drum. The method further includes forming a material layer stack over the rotating casting drum by delivering a molten metal or molten metal alloy toward the quenching surface of the rotating casting drum. The method further includes transferring the material layer stack from the rotating casting drum to a continuous flexible substrate, wherein the quenching surface of the rotating casting drum is cooled to a temperature at which the layers of the material layer stack solidify.

The invention relates to the reduction of core losses in soft magnetic applications utilizing amorphous foil as the core material. Amorphous foil is known to have lower losses when compared to crystalline silicon steel laminations. It is found that a reduction of 10-40% of losses can be achieved over the current state of the art amorphous material by mechanical scribing of the surface of the soft magnetic laminations comprising the wound core in power conditioning devices such as a transformer. The scribing process introduces control of the magnetic domains causing ease of magnetic flux reversal