Provided is a magnetic refrigeration material whose magnetic transition temperature has been adjusted with high accuracy and which includes at least a first predetermined magnetic refrigeration material and a second predetermined magnetic refrigeration material which differs from the first magnetic refrigeration material. The absolute value of the difference between the magnetic transition temperature of the present magnetic refrigeration material and a target magnetic transition temperature is 0.7 K or less. The content of the first magnetic refrigeration material and the content of the second magnetic refrigeration material are determined by the magnetic transition temperatures of the first magnetic refrigeration material and the second magnetic refrigeration material and by a target magnetic transition temperature of the magnetic refrigeration material.

A titanium carbonitride powder for use as a starting material for a hard material satisfies a D50 of from 2.0 m to 6.0 m and a D10/D90 of from 0.20 to 0.50, wherein D50 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 50% of a particle size distribution by volume, D10 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 10% of the particle size distribution by volume, and D90 is a particle size at a cumulative percentage of 90% of the particle size distribution by volume.

In various embodiments, metallic alloy powders are formed at least in part by spray drying to form agglomerate particles and/or plasma densification to form composite particles.

In one aspect, grade powder compositions are described herein comprising electrochemically processed sintered carbide scrap. In some embodiments, a grade powder composition comprises a reclaimed powder component in an amount of at least 75 weight percent of the grade powder composition, wherein the reclaimed carbide component comprises electrochemically processed sintered carbide scrap.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing ferrite/reducing metal composite particles and a method for preparing a high temperature resistant stealth coating based on 3D laser printing, belonging to the technical field of preparation of absorbing coatings. The present invention aims to solve the problems that an existing high-temperature absorbing coating has insufficient coating/matrix bonding force, the microstructure of the coating is difficult to control, and electromagnetic properties cannot be ensured. In the present invention, nano ferrite powder and nano reducing metal powder are prepared into composite particles by a mixing granulation process. In a sealed preparation chamber of a 3D printing device, composite particles are subjected to laser-induced in-situ reaction on the surface of a substrate to prepare a high temperature resistant stealth coating. The present invention is applied to high temperature resistance and stealth of components and prevention and control of electromagnetic pollution.

Some variations provide a system for producing a functionalized powder, comprising: an agitated pressure vessel; first particles and second particles contained within the agitated pressure vessel; a fluid contained within the agitated pressure vessel; an exhaust line for releasing the fluid from the agitated pressure vessel; and a means for recovering a functionalized powder containing the second particles disposed onto surfaces of the first particles. A preferred fluid is carbon dioxide in liquefied or supercritical form. The carbon dioxide may be initially loaded into the pressure vessel as solid carbon dioxide. The pressure vessel may be batch or continuous and is operated under reaction conditions to functionalize the first particles with the second particles, thereby producing a functionalized powder, such as nanofunctionalized metal particles in which nanoparticles act as grain refiners for a component ultimately produced from the nanofunctionalized metal particles. Methods for making the functionalized powder are also disclosed.

Some variations provide a system for producing a functionalized powder, comprising: an agitated pressure vessel; first particles and second particles contained within the agitated pressure vessel; a fluid contained within the agitated pressure vessel; an exhaust line for releasing the fluid from the agitated pressure vessel; and a means for recovering a functionalized powder containing the second particles disposed onto surfaces of the first particles. A preferred fluid is carbon dioxide in liquefied or supercritical form. The carbon dioxide may be initially loaded into the pressure vessel as solid carbon dioxide. The pressure vessel may be batch or continuous and is operated under reaction conditions to functionalize the first particles with the second particles, thereby producing a functionalized powder, such as nanofunctionalized metal particles in which nanoparticles act as grain refiners for a component ultimately produced from the nanofunctionalized metal particles. Methods for making the functionalized powder are also disclosed.

Provided is a soft magnetic alloy which has high saturation flux density and low coercivity and is represented by the compositional formula (Fe.sub.(1(+))X1.sub.X2.sub.).sub.(1(a+b+c+d+e+f))M.sub.aP.sub.bSi.sub.cCu.sub.dX3.sub.eB.sub.f, wherein X1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni, X2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Mn, Ag, Zn, Al, Sn, As, Sb, Bi, and rare earth elements, X3 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of C and Ge, and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Mo, and W, and wherein 0.030a0.120, 0.010b0.150, 0c0.050, 0d0.020, 0e0.100, 0f0.030, 0, 0, and 0+0.55.

Molybdenum composites containing silicon and boron for environmental resistance are combined so as to minimize the silicon solid solution in the molybdenum phase. The composites include ratios of molybdenum, silicon, and boron to form three phase mixtures of molybdenum, A15 (Mo.sub.3Si), and T2 (Mo.sub.5SiB.sub.2) or molybdenum, SiO.sub.2, and T2 (Mo.sub.5SiB.sub.2). Beneficial additives, including manganese and strontium aluminosilicate, are included to improve the composite's properties. Manufacturing processes to produce these composites as either powders or solid parts are included.

The present invention provides a rare earth permanent magnet material and manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the present invention comprises a multi-arc ion plating step and a infiltrating step, wherein multi-arc ion plating process is adopted to deposit a metal containing a heavy rare earth element on a surface of a sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnet which has a thickness of 10 mm or less in at least one direction; and then heat treatment is performed on the sintered neodymium-iron-boron after deposition. The sum of an intrinsic coercive force (H.sub.cj, in unit of kOe) and a maximum magnetic energy product ((BH).sub.max, in unit of MGOe) of the permanent magnet material of the present invention is 66.8 or more. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the present invention has high production efficiency and does not increase harmful substances, and the price of devices is relatively low.