Techniques are disclosed for milling an iron-containing raw material in the presence of a nitrogen source to generate anisotropically shaped particles that include iron nitride and have an aspect ratio of at least 1.4. Techniques for nitridizing an anisotropic particle including iron, and annealing an anisotropic particle including iron nitride to form at least one α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase domain within the anisotropic particle including iron nitride also are disclosed. In addition, techniques for aligning and joining anisotropic particles to form a bulk material including iron nitride, such as a bulk permanent magnet including at least one α″-Fe.sub.16N.sub.2 phase domain, are described. Milling apparatuses utilizing elongated bars, an electric field, and a magnetic field also are disclosed.

The method for making carbon-coated copper nanoparticles is a simple, one-step for coating copper nanoparticles with a carbon shell to prevent rapid oxidation of the carbon nanoparticle core. The method involves heating or autoclaving thin sheets of copper hydroxide nitrate (Cu.sub.2(OH).sub.3NO.sub.3) under supercritical conditions (a temperature of 300° C. and a pressure of 120 bar) for two hours. The autoclaving may be performed in the presence of an inert gas, such as argon, which may be used to remove any remaining gases, and the pressure may be released in the presence of the inert gas so that the product may be collected in the presence of air.

Disclosed are nanostructured materials, devices, systems and methods of their fabrication using cryogenic milling techniques. In some embodiments in accordance with the disclosed technology, a cryogenic milling method for fabricating electrode materials for batteries is described, which can be used to fabricate high volumetric/gravimetric capacity SnSb—C (tin-antimony with carbon) anode material and other alloy/intermetallic type carbon composite battery anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with significantly improved battery energy density and cycle life.

The present invention provides a method for the manufacture of transition metal oxide fine particles, the method comprising the steps of: heating a strong-alkaline aqueous solution while stirring same; adding to and dissolving in the heated strong-alkaline aqueous solution a transition metal oxide; adding a strong-acid aqueous solution to the strong alkaline aqueous solution in which the transition metal oxide is dissolved, while stirring same, thereby re-dissolving a solid generated at the interface between the strong-alkaline aqueous solution and the strong-acid aqueous solution; adjusting the pH of the mixed aqueous solution resulting from mixing the strong-alkaline aqueous solution and the strong acid aqueous solution, through adjustment of the adding rate and amount of the strong-acid aqueous solution, to precipitate transition metal oxide fine particles; and separating the transition metal oxide fine particles from the mixed aqueous solution and sequentially washing, drying, and thermally treating the separated transition metal oxide fine particles.

A metallic material manufactured by a method including steps of (1) subjecting a semifinished metallic billet having at least one of a nanocrystalline microstructure and an ultrafine-grained microstructure to a rotary incremental forming process to form an intermediate wrought metallic billet and (2) subjecting the intermediate wrought metallic billet to a high rate forming process, wherein the high rate forming process includes a high rate forming process average equivalent strain rate, the high rate forming process average equivalent strain rate being at least about 0.1 s−1.

A metallic material manufactured by a method including steps of (1) subjecting a semifinished metallic billet having at least one of a nanocrystalline microstructure and an ultrafine-grained microstructure to a rotary incremental forming process to form an intermediate wrought metallic billet and (2) subjecting the intermediate wrought metallic billet to a high rate forming process, wherein the high rate forming process includes a high rate forming process average equivalent strain rate, the high rate forming process average equivalent strain rate being at least about 0.1 s−1.

Disclosed here is a method for making a nanoporous material, comprising aerosolizing a solution comprising at least one metal salt and at least one solvent to obtain an aerosol, freezing the aerosol to obtain a frozen aerosol, and drying the frozen aerosol to obtain a nanoporous metal compound material. Further, the nanoporous metal compound material can be reduced to obtain a nanoporous metal material.

Disclosed here is a method for making a nanoporous material, comprising aerosolizing a solution comprising at least one metal salt and at least one solvent to obtain an aerosol, freezing the aerosol to obtain a frozen aerosol, and drying the frozen aerosol to obtain a nanoporous metal compound material. Further, the nanoporous metal compound material can be reduced to obtain a nanoporous metal material.

The invention relates to a machining module for a device for producing a molded metal body (1) by means of an additively generative manufacturing process. A sheet, wire, or pulverulent metal-containing starting material (2) is melted and applied in layers, thereby forming the molded body (1). According to the invention, in addition to a material supply device (9), the machining module comprises a protective gas supply device (11), which has an outlet opening arranged annularly about the material supply device (9), and a fluid supply device (3) for supplying coolant (4), having one or more nozzles (10) which are arranged spatially adjacent to the material supply device (9) such that the surface of the molded body (1) can be supplied with the coolant (4) in points or in a partial manner directly adjacent to the melt bath at one position or along a curve, each of which can be specified in a variable manner.

The invention relates to a machining module for a device for producing a molded metal body (1) by means of an additively generative manufacturing process. A sheet, wire, or pulverulent metal-containing starting material (2) is melted and applied in layers, thereby forming the molded body (1). According to the invention, in addition to a material supply device (9), the machining module comprises a protective gas supply device (11), which has an outlet opening arranged annularly about the material supply device (9), and a fluid supply device (3) for supplying coolant (4), having one or more nozzles (10) which are arranged spatially adjacent to the material supply device (9) such that the surface of the molded body (1) can be supplied with the coolant (4) in points or in a partial manner directly adjacent to the melt bath at one position or along a curve, each of which can be specified in a variable manner.