Herein disclosed is a method of making a fuel cell including forming an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte using an additive manufacturing machine. The electrolyte is between the anode and the cathode. Preferably, electrical current flow is perpendicular to the electrolyte in the lateral direction when the fuel cell is in use. Preferably, the method comprises making an interconnect, a barrier layer, and a catalyst layer using the additive manufacturing machine.

In some examples, a liquid precursor vaporizer comprises an inlet, an outlet, and a first vaporizer core, the first vaporizer core including a plurality of nested cells defining a plurality of tortuous paths through which a liquid precursor can pass in a path between the inlet and the outlet of the liquid precursor vaporizer.

There is provided a cobalt-based alloy product comprising: in mass %, 0.08-0.25% C; 0.1% or less B; 10-30% Cr; 5% or less Fe and 30% or less Ni, the total amount of Fe and Ni being 30% or less; W and/or Mo, the total amount of W and Mo being 5-12%; at least one of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb and Ta, the total amount of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb and Ta being 0.5-2%; 0.5% or less Si; 0.5% or less Mn; 0.003-0.04% N; and the balance being Co and impurities. The product is a polycrystalline body of matrix phase crystal grains. In the matrix phase crystal grains, post-segregation cells with an average size of 0.13-2 μm are formed, wherein components constituting an MC type carbide phase comprising Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb and/or Ta are segregated along boundary regions of the post-segregation cells.

In the joined body (10) in which the conductor (12) and the substrate (14) are joined by the joining material (13), the joining material (13) includes a sintered body formed by sintering silver powder. A sintered body having a porosity of 8% to 30% and a surface roughness Ra of a joining surface of 500 nm or more and 3.3 μm or less is adopted.

A powder admixture useful for making a sintered valve seat insert includes a first iron-base powder and second iron-base powder wherein the first iron-base powder has a higher hardness than the second iron-base powder, the first iron-base powder including, in weight percent, 1-2% C, 10-25% Cr, 5-20% Mo, 15-25% Co, and 30-60 wt. % Fe, and the second iron-base powder including, in weight %, 1-1.5% C, 3-15% Cr, 5-7% Mo, 3-6% W, 1-1.7% V, and 60-85% Fe. The powder admixture can be sintered to form a sintered valve seat insert optionally infiltrated with copper.

Provided is a NbC based cemented carbide and method of manufacture the same. The NbC based cemented carbide may be devoid of WC. The NbC based cemented carbide may be devoid of Co in the binder phase. The NbC based cemented carbide exhibits enhanced strength and thermal conductivity while maintaining desired toughness and hardness.

A nickel-based alloy for additive manufacturing, method and product wherein due to a specific selection of elements and adaptations, an improved alloy for casting and for additive manufacturing is provided.

A nanocomposite metal material includes a carrier formed of Zr and two-element metal particles supported on the carrier. The two-element metal is formed of Cu and Ni, and a degree of oxidation of the carrier is more than 31% and 100% or less. In a case where the nanocomposite metal material is disposed in a reaction furnace of a thermal reactor, the inside of the reaction furnace is brought into a vacuum state, and the inside of the reaction furnace is heated to a temperature range of 250° C. or higher and 350° C. or lower with a heating mechanism included in the thermal reactor while supplying at least one of hydrogen gas and deuterium gas into the reaction furnace, excessive heat of the nanocomposite metal material is 100 W/kg or more.

A core-shell particle is provided, including a core particle composed of a non-reactive component, and a coating layer disposed about the core particle, the coating layer composed of reactive component. The reactive component is chemically reactive with water, acid, or base, and the non-reactive component is non-reactive with water, acid, or base. Also provided are a bulk composition composed of the core-shell particle, an article composed of the bulk composition, as well as method and system of making and using the particles, composition, and articles.

A layer structure includes a first layer including at least one material selected from a first group consisting of nickel, copper, gold, silver, palladium, tin, zinc, platinum, and an alloy of any of these materials; a third layer including at least one material selected from a second group consisting of nickel, copper, gold, palladium, tin, silver, zinc, platinum, and an alloy of any of these materials; and a second layer between the first layer and the third layer. The second layer consists of or essentially consists of nickel and tin. The second layer includes an intermetallic phase of nickel and tin.