Specific AC welding waveforms are utilized to increase the toughness level of austenitic stainless steel above what is achieved using the same welding consumables using standard DC welding waveforms.

Specific AC welding waveforms are utilized to increase the toughness level of austenitic stainless steel above what is achieved using the same welding consumables using standard DC welding waveforms.

Strip cladding heads having strip pressure limits and strip cladding systems with strip cladding heads having strip pressure limits are disclosed are disclosed. A disclosed example cladding head for a strip cladding system includes a first contact jaw comprising first and second contacts to deliver welding power to a cladding strip that is driven between the first and second contacts, a first contact pressure adjuster to set a first pressure applied by the first and second contacts to the cladding strip, and a first strip lock preventer to limit the first pressure applied by the first and second contacts to the cladding strip to less than a threshold pressure.

Specific AC welding waveforms are utilized to increase the toughness level of austenitic stainless steel above what is achieved using the same welding consumables using standard DC welding waveforms.

Specific AC welding waveforms are utilized to increase the toughness level of austenitic stainless steel above what is achieved using the same welding consumables using standard DC welding waveforms.

Automated material welding including starting a welding operation, scanning a weld in-progress, creating a simulation of the weld in-progress, detecting a flaw in the weld in-progress according to the scanning and the simulation, remediating the weld in-progress, and completing the welding operation.

A method for the manufacture of a welded joint including the following successive steps: I. The provision of at least two metallic substrates wherein at least one metallic substrate is a steel substrate, and II. The welding of the at least two metallic substrates with a welding head while, simultaneously, applying on the at least two metallic substrates, ahead of the welding head, a welding flux including a titanate and a nanoparticulate oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, MoO.sub.3, CrO.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, La.sub.2O.sub.3 and mixtures thereof.

A method comprising an arc ignition phase (IP), an arc-stabilizing phase (AP) and a stable arc phase (SP). The arc stabilizing phase comprises an initial sub-phase (IS) comprising the step of feeding at least one hot wire (4, 12) at constant feed speed and a main sub-phase (MS) comprising the steps of feeding said hot wire at constant feed speed and feeding at least one cold wire (22) at constant feed speed. The stable arc phase comprises the steps of continuously adjusting the feed speed of the hot wire and continuously adjusting the feed speed of the cold wire. The invention also relates to a welding apparatus (1) for carrying out the method. The welding apparatus comprises a hot wire feeding means (150), a contact means (2), a cold wire feeding means (35) and a control unit (31). The control unit is adapted to control said hot wire feeding means to feed the hot wire at a constant feed speed during the initial sub-phase, feed the hot wire at a constant feed speed during the main sub-phase and to continuously during the stable arc phase adjust the feed speed of the hot wire. The control unit is adapted to control said cold wire feeding means to feed the cold wire at a constant feed speed during the main sub-phase and continuously during the stable arc phase adjust the cold wire feed speed.

A method of preparing a pipe-section for welding to another pipe-section to form a pipeline comprising a plurality of said pipe-sections, the method comprising at least the steps of: (i) providing a pipe-section having first and second pipe-ends; (ii) defining a first portion L1 of the longitudinal length of the pipe-section from the first pipe-end being in the range 3% to 40% of the overall length of the pipe-section; (iii) defining a second portion L2 of the longitudinal length of the pipe-section from the end of the first portion L1 towards the second pipe-end; (iv) heating at least the first portion L1 to at least a first temperature T1 of at least 500 C. for at least 2 minutes; (v) maintaining a second temperature T2 of the second portion L2 during step (iv) below the first temperature T1. The invention is able to reduce the strain capacity during reel-laying of a pipeline formed from a plurality of pipe sections formed by the invention.

A method of preparing a pipe-section for welding to another pipe-section to form a pipeline comprising a plurality of said pipe-sections, the method comprising at least the steps of: (i) providing a pipe-section having first and second pipe-ends; (ii) defining a first portion L1 of the longitudinal length of the pipe-section from the first pipe-end being in the range 3% to 40% of the overall length of the pipe-section; (iii) defining a second portion L2 of the longitudinal length of the pipe-section from the end of the first portion L1 towards the second pipe-end; (iv) heating at least the first portion L1 to at least a first temperature T1 of at least 500 C. for at least 2 minutes; (v) maintaining a second temperature T2 of the second portion L2 during step (iv) below the first temperature T1. The invention is able to reduce the strain capacity during reel-laying of a pipeline formed from a plurality of pipe sections formed by the invention.