An alignment apparatus and an alignment method that enables to align an optical device with a receptacle, where the optical device and the receptacle have respective axes tilted to each other. The method includes steps of: (1) obtaining a minimum pressure caused to the optical device from the receptacle as varying a rolling angle around the X-axis of the optical device but fixing the pitching angle around the Y-axis at a rotating angle around the Z-axis; (2) determining a rotating angle where thus obtained minimum pressure becomes the minimum; and (3) iterating those procedures until the rotating angle obtained as varying the rolling angle and another rotating angle obtained as varying the pitching angle substantially coincides to each other.

An electric-resistance-welded stainless clad steel pipe or tube that is excellent in both the fracture property of the weld and the corrosion resistance of the pipe or tube inner surface as electric resistance welded without additional welding treatment such as weld overlaying after electric resistance welding is provided. An electric-resistance-welded stainless clad steel pipe or tube comprises: an outer layer of carbon steel or low-alloy steel; and an inner layer of austenitic stainless steel having a predetermined chemical composition, wherein a flatness value h/D in a 90 flattening test in accordance with JIS G 3445 is less than 0.3, and a pipe or tube inner surface has no crack in a sulfuric acid-copper sulfate corrosion test in accordance with ASTM A262-13, Practice E, where h is a flattening crack height (mm), and D is a pipe or tube outer diameter (mm).

An electric resistance welded steel pipe for a torsion beam, in which a base metal portion includes, in terms of % by mass, 0.04 to 0.12% of C, 0.03 to 1.20% of Si, 0.30 to 2.50% of Mn, 0.08 to 0.24% of Ti, 0.005 to 0.500% of Al, 0.01 to 0.06% of Nb, and 0.0005 to 0.0100% of N, a balance including Fe and impurities, wherein V.sub.c90, defined by the following Formulae (i) and (ii), is 200 or more, a mass ratio of Ti content to C content is from 0.85 to 5.00, an areal ratio of ferrite is 80% or more, an average crystal grain size of ferrite crystal grains is 10 m or less, and an average aspect ratio of ferrite crystal grains is 2.0 or less, in a metallographic microstructure of a central portion in a wall thickness direction of the base metal portion;

log V.sub.c90=2.940.75(a1)Formula (i);

a=2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+MoFormula (ii).

A method for manufacturing metal product having irregular shapes includes steps of providing powder and binding agent, and mixing the powder and binding agent as a mixed feed. The mixed feed is heated to a plastic state, and injected into a mold cavity to form a plurality of blanks. The blanks are degreased to remove the binding agent and are sintered to form workpieces. A substrate or substrates and the workpieces form different parts of the metal product having irregular shapes. The workpieces are disposed on substrate to form a preform and the preform is bonded to form the metal products of irregular shape.

Provided is a clad welded pipe or tube that has improved pipe or tube mechanical properties by reducing the width of a weld without its function as a clad pipe or tube being impaired. A clad welded pipe or tube comprises: a first layer made of base metal; and a second layer placed on one surface of the first layer, and made of first cladding metal that is a material different from the base metal, wherein a pipe or tube circumferential length L1 of weld metal at a pipe or tube inner surface and a pipe or tube circumferential length L2 of the weld metal at a pipe or tube outer surface in a weld are each 0.0010 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and the base metal is not exposed at a first cladding metal-side surface of the clad welded pipe or tube in the weld.

A system for changing a height of a hanger mounting plate, may include a frame; a hanger arm fixing device mounted at an upper side of the frame in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle body to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body and fixing both sides of the connecting blocks; a pin fixing device which is mounted at a center portion of the frame to be movable in a width direction of the vehicle body and separates or couples the coupling pin from/to the connecting block; and a mounting plate height adjusting device mounted at a lower side of the center portion of the frame to be movable in the height direction of the vehicle body in a state in which the mounting plate height adjusting device supports a lower portion of the mounting plate, and adjusting a height of the mounting plate.

A resistance spot welding electrode for forming dissimilar welded lap joints in crash-relevant structural components of the automotive industry made of high-strength materials. The resistance spot welding electrode includes a cap having, at an end portion of the electrode in contact with materials to be welded together during welding, a non-axially symmetrical contact area in order to form, between the materials being welded, a weld nugget with an essentially similar non-axially symmetrical shape.

A system may include a current source; a first metal or alloy component with a first major surface electrically coupled to the current source; a second metal or alloy component with a second major surface electrically coupled in series to the first component and the current source via an external electrical conductor, where the first and second major surfaces are positioned adjacent to each other to define a joint region; a metal or alloy powder disposed in at least a portion of the joint region; and a controller. The controller may be configured to cause the current source to output an alternating current that conducts through the first component and the second component to induce magnetic eddy currents, magnetic hysteresis, or both within at least a portion of the metal or alloy powder disposed in at least the first portion of the joint region.

One aspect relates to a feedthrough system. The feedthrough system includes a feedthrough and a wire. At least a portion of the feedthrough is made of an insulator and at least one area forming an electrically conductive cermet pathway. The cermet pathway may include an electrically conductive metal. The wire may be at least partially connected to the cermet pathway so that the material of the wire forms a joint microstructure with the electrically conductive material in the cermet pathway.

A prebuck unit includes side hangers mounted on a handling robot at both sides of the transport path and restricting lower parts of side assemblies. A guide post is fixedly installed in a prebuck frame at both sides of the transport path in a vehicle body height direction. The guide post is coupled with the side hanger so as to restrict the side assembly in a transverse direction and is configured to regularly position the side hanger at both sides of the floor assembly. A welding robot is installed at both sides of the transport path and is configured to weld the lower part of the side assembly and the floor assembly.