A method for producing a workpiece, includes providing a substrate having a predetermined surface structure; coating the surface structure with a coating material, wherein the coating material is resistant to a production temperature of an additive production method; the additive production of a material for the workpiece on the coated surface structure using the additive production method such that the coated surface structure defines a base surface of the workpiece to be produced, and the detachment of the substrate. A workpiece is produced by the described method.

A method of fabricating plates of super-hard material and cutting techniques suitable for such a method. A method of fabricating a plate (14) of super-hard material, the method comprising: providing a substrate (4) have a lateral dimension of at least 40 mm; growing a layer of super-hard material on the substrate (4) using a chemical vapor deposition process; and slicing one or more plates (14) of super-hard material from the substrate using a collimated cutting beam (8), the or each plate of super-hard material (14) having a lateral dimension of at least 40 mm, wherein the collimated cutting beam (8) is collimated with a half angle divergence of no more than 5 degrees.

A method of fabricating plates of super-hard material and cutting techniques suitable for such a method. A method of fabricating a plate (14) of super-hard material, the method comprising: providing a substrate (4) have a lateral dimension of at least 40 mm; growing a layer of super-hard material on the substrate (4) using a chemical vapor deposition process; and slicing one or more plates (14) of super-hard material from the substrate using a collimated cutting beam (8), the or each plate of super-hard material (14) having a lateral dimension of at least 40 mm, wherein the collimated cutting beam (8) is collimated with a half angle divergence of no more than 5 degrees.

The disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for controlling a cutting process in which a workpiece is cut by a high-energy beam. A process light signal is detected emanating from an interaction region of the high-energy beam with the workpiece in a first wavelength range (1), in which at least one metallic constituent (Fe, Cr) of the workpiece has at least one emission line, and in a second wavelength range (2), which differs from the first wavelength range, in which continuum radiation of the workpiece without emission lines is detectable. Vaporization of the at least one metallic constituent (Fe, Cr) is monitored on the basis of an intensity of the process light signal detected in the first wavelength range (1) and on the basis of an intensity of the process light signal detected in the second wavelength range (2).

The disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for controlling a cutting process in which a workpiece is cut by a high-energy beam. A process light signal is detected emanating from an interaction region of the high-energy beam with the workpiece in a first wavelength range (1), in which at least one metallic constituent (Fe, Cr) of the workpiece has at least one emission line, and in a second wavelength range (2), which differs from the first wavelength range, in which continuum radiation of the workpiece without emission lines is detectable. Vaporization of the at least one metallic constituent (Fe, Cr) is monitored on the basis of an intensity of the process light signal detected in the first wavelength range (1) and on the basis of an intensity of the process light signal detected in the second wavelength range (2).

Device surfaces are rendered superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic through microstructures and/or nanostructures that utilize the same base material(s) as the device itself without the need for coatings made from different materials or substances. A medical device includes a portion made from a base material having a surface adapted for contact with biological material, and wherein the surface is modified to become superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, or both, using only the base material, excluding non-material coatings. The surface may be modified using a subtractive process, an additive process, or a combination thereof. The product of the process may form part of an implantable device or a medical instrument, including a medical device or instrument associated with an intraocular procedure. The surface may be modified to include micrometer- or nanometer-sized pillars, posts, pits or cavitations; hierarchical structures having asperities; or posts/pillars with caps having dimensions greater than the diameters of the posts or pillars.

Device surfaces are rendered superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic through microstructures and/or nanostructures that utilize the same base material(s) as the device itself without the need for coatings made from different materials or substances. A medical device includes a portion made from a base material having a surface adapted for contact with biological material, and wherein the surface is modified to become superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, or both, using only the base material, excluding non-material coatings. The surface may be modified using a subtractive process, an additive process, or a combination thereof. The product of the process may form part of an implantable device or a medical instrument, including a medical device or instrument associated with an intraocular procedure. The surface may be modified to include micrometer- or nanometer-sized pillars, posts, pits or cavitations; hierarchical structures having asperities; or posts/pillars with caps having dimensions greater than the diameters of the posts or pillars.

A method for producing a work piece includes the providing of a substrate having a predetermined surface structure and the generative manufacturing of a material for the work piece on the surface structure, such that the surface structure defines a base surface of the work piece to be manufactured, wherein the generative manufacturing is carried out by deposition welding and wherein the base surface is an at least partially interior surface of the work piece in respect of a contour of the work piece that is to be manufactured. The method furthermore includes the detaching of the substrate.

A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members of medium carbon steel, the cup member being manufactured by preparing a cup member having cylindrical and bottom portions being integrally formed, and a fitting hole formed in a thick portion of the bottom portion, the shaft member being manufactured by preparing a shaft member having a fitting outer surface formed at an end portion of the shaft member to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, and fitting the fitting hole of the cup member to the fitting outer surface of the shaft member. The method also includes welding the cup and shaft members from an inner side of the cup member to a fitted portion between the cup and shaft members.

A method of manufacturing an outer joint member of a constant velocity universal joint includes forming cup and shaft members of medium carbon steel, the cup member being manufactured by preparing a cup member having cylindrical and bottom portions being integrally formed, and a fitting hole formed in a thick portion of the bottom portion, the shaft member being manufactured by preparing a shaft member having a fitting outer surface formed at an end portion of the shaft member to be joined to the bottom portion of the cup member, and fitting the fitting hole of the cup member to the fitting outer surface of the shaft member. The method also includes welding the cup and shaft members from an inner side of the cup member to a fitted portion between the cup and shaft members.