A component for use inside a semiconductor chamber with a laser textured surface facing a vacuum region inside the semiconductor chamber is provided.

In one embodiment, a surface has a laser-beam machined area including an array of micro-sized conical pillars that are arranged in orthogonal rows and columns across the surface and that extend upward, the conical pillars defining deep troughs between them that are configured to absorb electrons, electromagnetic radiation, or both, the conical pillars tapering from relatively wide bases to pointed tips, the conical pillars comprising outer surfaces that are covered with a plurality of nanoparticles.

Dental appliances, materials, and methods of forming such appliances and materials for improved laser marking are provided herein including the use of textured and/or roughened surfaces to enhance laser marking.

A process fiber including a core extending along a central axis and a clad covering a circumference of the core includes an outer edge portion constituting an outer edge of a core cross section obtained by vertically cutting the core. The outer edge portion includes seven sides and seven corner portions respectively connecting the sides adjacent to each other. Each of the corner portions has an R shape along a circumscribed circle circumscribed to the outer edge portion. When a diameter of the circumscribed circle is O, a diameter of an inscribed circle inscribed to the outer edge portion is I, and the number of the corner portions is n (n is an odd number), a diameter ratio α, which is a ratio between the diameter O of the circumscribed circle and the diameter I of the inscribed circle, fulfills a predetermined condition.

Mannequin for the surface treatment of pants. Mannequin for the surface treatment of pants, comprising an upper support structure from which two legs extend, wherein each of said legs has an inflatable balloon arranged at its rear part. Each of said inflatable balloons has its outer lateral section folded upon itself at least once around a folding line extending from the upper edge to the lower edge of the balloon. The upper edge is fixed to the rear upper end of the corresponding leg and the lower edge is fixed to a rear intermediate point of the corresponding leg, such that the parts of the edges corresponding to the outer lateral section are also fixed to the leg of the mannequin.

Mannequin for the surface treatment of pants. Mannequin for the surface treatment of pants, comprising an upper support structure from which two legs extend, wherein each of said legs has an inflatable balloon arranged at its rear part. Each of said inflatable balloons has its outer lateral section folded upon itself at least once around a folding line extending from the upper edge to the lower edge of the balloon. The upper edge is fixed to the rear upper end of the corresponding leg and the lower edge is fixed to a rear intermediate point of the corresponding leg, such that the parts of the edges corresponding to the outer lateral section are also fixed to the leg of the mannequin.

The invention relates to footwear and portions thereof having structural features and decorative designs thereon, and related systems and methods for manufacturing same. An exemplary method for providing a feature on a surface of an object includes positioning a laser proximate the surface of the object, directing a laser beam from the laser to the surface of the object to mark or engrave at least a portion of the surface of the object, and moving at least one of the laser and the object to create a pattern on the surface of the object, the pattern providing at least one of an aesthetic and a structural feature on the surface of the object.

A method of fiber laser processing of thin film deposited on a substrate includes providing a laser beam from at least one fiber laser which is guided through a beam-shaping unit onto the thin film. The beam-shaping optics is configured to shape the laser beam into a line beam which irradiates a first irradiated thin film area Ab on a surface of the thin film, with the irradiated thin film area Ab being a fraction of the thin film area Af. By continuously displacing the beam shaping optics and the film relative to one another in a first direction at a distance dy between sequential irradiations, a sequence of uniform irradiated thin film areas Ab are formed on the film surface defining thus a first elongated column. Thereafter the beam shaped optics and film are displaced relative to one another at a distance dx in a second direction transverse to the first direction with the distance dx being smaller than a length of the irradiated film area Ab. With the steps performed to form respective columns, the elongated columns overlap one another covering the desired thin film area Af. The dx and dy distances are so selected that that each location of the film area Af is exposed to the shaped laser beam during a cumulative predetermined duration.

A spark plug that prevents a decrease in strength of a member to which a mark is attached while ensuring a readability of the mark, and a method of manufacturing the spark plug. The spark plug is configured to ignite an air-fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine. The spark plug includes: a mark formed of an oxide film generated on a surface of a metallic member or is formed of the metallic member and the oxide film; and a coating material covering the whole mark and allowing transmission of light.

Various embodiments relate to forming particles using undercooled metal particles in response to focused low power laser light. Particle growth can be initiated by utilizing the metastable and liquid nature of the particles, allowing for surface instability promoted by the laser light to induce liquid flow to translate to a neighboring particle. This event can cascade radially leading to accumulation of the liquid metal at the epicenter. The grown solidified particle size can be varied by using different power, exposure time, or working distance. Once the liquid has accumulated into a single region, it eventually solidifies either through homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation to give a solid particle of larger size than the original. Such a method can be used to print patterns on a surface in four dimensions, where the fourth dimension (4D) is attained through gradient in size of the particles made. Additional systems and methods are disclosed.