There is provided a tool blade, comprising a backing strip particles of abrasive material and a binder layer of binding material which binds the abrasive particles along an edge of the backing strip, wherein the edge of the backing strip is pre-formed with teeth, on which the abrasive particles are bound by the binding material. A profiled cutting portion extends beyond the pre-formed teeth. The pre-formed teeth are shaped as generally triangular waves or are flattened at least partially along an upper edge on which the cutting portion is at least partially disposed. A method of making such a blade is also provided.

The invention relates to volume modification of transparent materials by means of ultrashort laser pulses. A method for manufacturing of highly transparent spatially variant waveplates includes focusing Gaussian laser beam with pulse duration 500 fs to 2000 fs inside of material transparent to laser wavelength building self-organizing structures of nanoplates. The workpiece is moved in three coordinates relatively to beam focus along desired line. A combination of focus area, pulse repetition rate, energy and velocity of movement is selected to locate said structures inside of the workpiece for acting as birefringent optical elements with specific retardance. Energy of pulses exceeds the threshold of building nanoplates in part of the focal area limited by −σ/2 and σ/2 where σ is standard deviation from maximum of Gaussian function. Energy of pulses creating nanoplates is accumulated in said area from the sequence of 1000 to 2000 pulses in total not exceeding 0.2-0.3 μJ.

This disclosure relates to a method of producing a tool comprising a substrate and a hard-face coating metallurgically bonded to the substrate. The method comprises the steps of: providing a steel substrate; providing a composition of fully sintered granulate grains; and then applying the fully sintered granulate grains onto the substrate. The resultant cemented carbide material on the steel substrate comprises a specific composition and includes a metastable phase having a nanohardness of at least 12 GPa and a Palmqvist fracture toughness of below 7 MPa m½. The method includes heat-treating the hard-face coating to at least partially decompose the metastable phase, to increase the Palmqvist fracture toughness.

A method of fabricating a grinding tool includes providing an abrasive particle, and cutting the abrasive particle with a laser beam so that the cut abrasive particle has four tips adjacent to one another, a cavity of a generally cross shape extending between the four tips, and a material discharge surface at an end of the cavity. The laser beam is applied along a plurality of parallel first cutting lines and a plurality of parallel second cutting lines, the second cutting lines intersecting the first cutting lines, at least the first cutting lines being grouped into a first, a second and a third region, the second region being located between the first and third regions, a number of cutting passes repeated along each of the first cutting lines in each of the first and third regions increasing as the first cutting line is nearer to the second region, and the laser beam repeating a plurality of cutting passes along each of the first cutting lines in the second region.

A ring forming step includes welding opposite ends of a band saw blade including a body part having a band shape, and a tooth part including a plurality of teeth formed on one side part of the body part, to form a ring shape. A polishing step includes polishing an inner surface, an outer surface, and an end face on a side opposite to the tooth part in the ring-shaped band saw blade subjected to the ring formation. A tip tooth tip forming step includes positioning, after the polishing step, the ring-shaped band saw blade subjected to the ring formation by use of one of the inner surface and the outer surface, and the end face as references, joining a cutting tip to tooth tips of the plurality of teeth by welding, and polishing the joined cutting tip to form a tooth tip shape.

The present invention provides a friction welding method capable of reducing the welding temperature and a friction welding method capable of obtaining a welded portion free of defects regardless the type of material. A frictional welding method in which one member is brought into contact with the other member and slides while a load is applied substantially perpendicularly to the interface to be welded, the frictional welding method comprising: a first step in which frictional welding is carried out by setting a pressure calculated from the area and the load of the interface to be welded to be equal to or higher than the yield stress and the tensile strength of one member and/or the other member at a desired welding temperature; and a second step in which frictional welding is carried out by lowering the load, wherein the first step and the second step are continuously carried out.

Proposed is a method of processing a superfine blade edge using a femtosecond laser, the method including primarily grinding a blade edge portion by using a grinding wheel, the blade edge being primarily ground in a direction vertical to a rotational direction of the grinding wheel; and secondarily grinding at least a part of the blade edge portion by emitting a femtosecond laser to the ground blade edge portion in a lengthwise direction, wherein the secondarily grinding includes: oscillating the femtosecond laser; modifying the energy distribution of the femtosecond laser; aligning a central portion of the energy distribution of the femtosecond laser to an end portion of the blade edge portion; changing an advancing direction of the femtosecond laser; and emitting the femtosecond laser to the blade edge portion while moving, in the lengthwise direction of the blade, a stage on which the blade is placed.

A cutting insert comprises: a body; and a blade fixed to the body and made of a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride including 98.5% by volume or more of cubic boron nitride, the blade having a rake face and a flank face, the rake face and the flank face meeting each other and thus forming a ridge line which serves as a cutting edge, the rake face being provided with a land surface extending along the cutting edge, and a chip breaker disposed on a side opposite to the cutting edge with the land surface therebetween and also having a recess contiguous to the land surface.

A method of forming a stamped part includes forming a tailor welded blank by friction stir welding (FSW) a first blank to a second blank, removing a FSW start spot and a FSW stop spot from the tailor welded blank using a machining process such that a finished tailor welded blank is formed and stamping the finished tailor welded blank into the stamped part such that a weld formed by FSW the first blank to the second blank is plastically deformed. The first blank and the second blank can be aluminum alloy blanks and a predetermined amount of material is machined from the FSW start spot and the FSW stop spot, the predetermined amount of material being equal to or greater than a thickness of the first blank and the second blank.

Structures for a tool surface of a downhole tool are constructed from a metal clay molded in a wet state. The wet state clay is a workable combination that can have a braze alloy grain, a tungsten carbide grain, and a binder. Additional cutting inserts can be embedded in the molded clay. Heat treatment applied to the molded metal clay causing the binder to be combusted and consumed. The braze alloy melts and then cools into a fused state with the tungsten carbide grain therein. The structure can affix to the tool surface of the tool by first being fused and then attached by brazing to the tool. Alternatively, the structure can be positioned in a fusible state adjacent the tool surface. When the heat treatment is applied, the structure fuses together and forms a metallurgical bond with the tool surface of the tool.