A friction stir spot welding apparatus includes a pin member formed in a solid cylindrical shape, a shoulder member formed in a hollow cylindrical shape, the pin member being inserted in the shoulder member, a rotary actuator that rotates the pin member and the shoulder member on an axis that is in agreement with an axial center of the pin member, and a linear actuator that linearly moves each of the pin member and the shoulder member along the axis. A tip-end part of the shoulder member is formed in a tapered shape.

Joining methods and corresponding structures are disclosed. In some instances, a method for joining two or more components may include generating a shockwave in a first component to form a jet of a material of the first component directed towards a second component. The jet may penetrate the second component to connect the first component with the second component. Articles of pre-joined and joined components are also described.

The invention relates to a method for producing a metal-ceramic substrate and to a furnace suitable for carrying out the method. With the method, a metal-ceramic substrate with increased thermal and current conductivity can be obtained. The method comprises the steps of providing a stack containing a ceramic body, a metal foil, and a solder material in contact with the ceramic body and the metal foil, the solder material comprising a metal having a melting point of at least 700° C., a metal having a melting point of less than 700° C., and an active metal, and heating the stack, the stack passing through a heating zone for heating.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a metal-ceramic substrate. The method has the following steps: providing a stack containing a ceramic body, a metal foil, and a solder material in contact with the ceramic body and the metal foil, wherein the solder material has: a metal having a melting point of at least 700° C., a metal having a melting point of less than 700° C., and an active metal; and heating the stack, wherein at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: the high temperature heating duration is no more than 60 min; the peak temperature heating duration is no more than 30 min; the heating duration is no more than 60 min.

Provided is a multimaterial joint material that contributes to multimaterialization and a reduction in weight of a transport apparatus, the multimaterial joint material being configured from: a flame-retardant magnesium alloy; and a metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, stainless steel, and steel. This multimaterial joint material is such that two or more layers of different types of metal materials are joined, wherein the multimaterial joint material is characterized in that: of the two or more layers of metal materials, at least one layer comprises a flame-retardant magnesium alloy, and another layer comprises a metal or alloy selected from the group consisting of aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, stainless steel, and steel; and the two or more layers of metal materials are joined together across the entire surface of joining surfaces that overlap each other.

A friction stir spot welding apparatus including a controller that (A) operates a rotary driver and a tool driver such that a pin and a shoulder are brought into contact with a welded workpiece; (B) operates, after the step (A), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin separates from the welded workpiece; and (C) operates, after the step (B), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin advances toward the welded workpiece. The controller controls the tool driver such that pressing force applied to the welded workpiece from the pin and the shoulder in the step (C) is smaller than that in the step (B) and/or controls the rotary driver such that rotational frequencies of the pin and the shoulder in the step (C) are lower than those in the step (B).

The present disclosure relates to a battery module comprising: a plurality of battery cells each including an electrode tab; and a bus bar connected to the electrode tab to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells to each other. The bus bar includes a plate having a plurality of holes. The electrode tab of each of the battery cells is inserted into at least a part of the plurality of holes of the plate. The electrode tab inserted into the hole and the plate are coupled to each other by a welding bead, and the welding bead has a width and a height defined by Equations 1 and 2, respectively.

A reinforcing member for cold forming according to an embodiment comprises: a blank member; and a reinforcing patch member provided to cover at least a portion of the blank member and coupled to the blank member by a plurality of welded portions, wherein the entire region of a heat-affected zone formed around the welded portions in the blank member is positioned in a region corresponding to the reinforcing patch member, and a heat-affected zone formed around a first welded portion from among the welded portions may contact the central point of a second welded portion adjacent to the first welded portion or may be formed to be spaced apart from the central point of the second welded portion.

A junction structure includes a first metallic material, a second material different in type from the first metallic material, and a welding wire as a third material similar to the first metallic material. The second material is stacked on the first material. The molten metal of the third metallic material is deposited by arc welding into the through part of the second material so as to form a flanged or tapered bead, so that the first and third metallic materials and the second material are fixed together.

Disclosed are a rolled (FeCoNiCrR.sub.n/Al)-2024Al composite panel and a preparation method therefor. The preparation method involves taking pure aluminum as a matrix, adding an FeCoNiCrR.sub.n medium-entropy alloy with a high strength and toughness as an reinforcing phase to prepare an FeCoNiCrR.sub.n/Al composite material, then laminating the FeCoNiCrR.sub.n/Al composite material with aluminum alloy 2024, and preparing the (FeCoNiCrR.sub.n/Al)-2024Al composite board by means of hot-rolling recombination, which solves the problem that high-strength aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are prone to instantaneous breakability and low ductility, thereby improving the overall performance of the material. The present disclosure adopts microwave sintering (MWS) to fabricate a medium-entropy alloy-reinforced AMC, and adopts hot-roll bonding to fabricate the (FeCoNiCrR.sub.n/Al)-2024Al metal composite panel. The composite panel fabricated by the present disclosure has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, and has high application values for promoting the application of modern lightweight and high-efficiency industrial materials in aerospace, new energy vehicles, and the like.