A machine tool includes a motor configured to rotate a spindle, a tool magazine holding a plurality of tools, and a controller. The controller has a storage unit storing motor information indicating that the motor is a synchronous motor. When the machine tool stops, while a tool exchange process is carried out, due to electric power outage, operation of a stop button, a value of a drive current of the motor, or a value output from the sensor, the controller uses a command for the synchronous motor, based on the motor information, as a part of a series of commands for recovery of the machine tool, where the tool exchange process is a process in which a tool attached to the spindle is changed with one of the plurality of tools of the tool magazine.

A machine tool includes a motor configured to rotate a spindle, a tool magazine holding a plurality of tools, and a controller. The controller has a storage unit storing motor information indicating that the motor is a synchronous motor. When the machine tool stops, while a tool exchange process is carried out, due to electric power outage, operation of a stop button, a value of a drive current of the motor, or a value output from the sensor, the controller uses a command for the synchronous motor, based on the motor information, as a part of a series of commands for recovery of the machine tool, where the tool exchange process is a process in which a tool attached to the spindle is changed with one of the plurality of tools of the tool magazine.

A positioning system includes a centrally mounted robot within a work area. Workpiece holders are independently moveable relative to the robot between working positions on opposite sides of the robot and a shared loading and unloading position. The system permits the robot to continuously operate without a need to wait for movement between the loading position and the working position. Furthermore, the system can be used as a single workpiece system while maintenance or hardware change is being performed on one of the workpiece holders. The workpiece holders move between the work positions and the loading and unloading position in a rotation and sliding fashion.

A positioning system includes a centrally mounted robot within a work area. Workpiece holders are independently moveable relative to the robot between working positions on opposite sides of the robot and a shared loading and unloading position. The system permits the robot to continuously operate without a need to wait for movement between the loading position and the working position. Furthermore, the system can be used as a single workpiece system while maintenance or hardware change is being performed on one of the workpiece holders. The workpiece holders move between the work positions and the loading and unloading position in a rotation and sliding fashion.

An effector includes at least one contact surface configured to bear against a face of a workpiece near a zone of the workpiece that is impacted by a tool supported by the effector. The contact surface includes at least one interface made of a ductile material interposed between the contact surface and the face of the workpiece.

An effector includes at least one contact surface configured to bear against a face of a workpiece near a zone of the workpiece that is impacted by a tool supported by the effector. The contact surface includes at least one interface made of a ductile material interposed between the contact surface and the face of the workpiece.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures include: obtaining a first 3D model including a polygon mesh associated with one or more modelled solids, the one or more modelled solids being in a boundary representation format; producing from the polygon mesh a quad patch network that combines, using transfinite interpolation, the polygon mesh with one or more smooth boundary curves corresponding to the one or more modelled solids; defining one or more locally refinable smooth surface representations using the quad patch network as input and based at least in part on a smallest dimension representable by a geometry modeling kernel of a computer aided design program; and combining the one or more locally refinable smooth surface representations with the one or more modelled solids to form a second 3D model that is watertight at the one or more smooth boundary curves.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures include: obtaining a first 3D model including a polygon mesh associated with one or more modelled solids, the one or more modelled solids being in a boundary representation format; producing from the polygon mesh a quad patch network that combines, using transfinite interpolation, the polygon mesh with one or more smooth boundary curves corresponding to the one or more modelled solids; defining one or more locally refinable smooth surface representations using the quad patch network as input and based at least in part on a smallest dimension representable by a geometry modeling kernel of a computer aided design program; and combining the one or more locally refinable smooth surface representations with the one or more modelled solids to form a second 3D model that is watertight at the one or more smooth boundary curves.

The present disclosure is directed to calibrating position detection for a tool. The tool can use a sensor to detect a first value of a parameter. The tool can use a motor to extend the working member of the tool towards a working surface. The tool can include a base. The tool can detect, with the working member in contact with the working service, a second value of the parameter. The tool can determine a z-axis position of the working member relative to the working surface.

The present disclosure is directed to calibrating position detection for a tool. The tool can use a sensor to detect a first value of a parameter. The tool can use a motor to extend the working member of the tool towards a working surface. The tool can include a base. The tool can detect, with the working member in contact with the working service, a second value of the parameter. The tool can determine a z-axis position of the working member relative to the working surface.